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THE PHAEMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. 
[June 10,1871. 
1. Do the work in the order set clown, not begin¬ 
ning with English, running confusedly into arith¬ 
metic and Latin, and then finishing with English. 
2. Do not throw away time by writing out the 
questions before the answers; put the numbers only, 
distinctly and carefully, leaving a small space 
between each answer. 
3. Translate all the Latin, if it can be done readily, 
without taking up too much time, or such passages 
only as can be done. 
4. Head the questions carefully, and do not give a 
gender when asked for a case. 
5. When particular case-endings of certain nouns 
are required, do not decline one noun entirely. 
C. When Latin examples are asked for, give them 
in that language, and not in English. 
7. Do not say objective case in Latin, or accusa¬ 
tive in English. 
8. In arithmetic endeavour to let the working of 
the sums appear, keep them well apart; when the 
answers only are put down, let them be clear and 
separate; let the scribbling-papers, showing the 
working, accompany the answers, and do not lose 
time by carrying decimals ad infinitum. 
9. In the English let the composition be written, 
if possible, fairly off at first, so as not to spend time 
in writing the same twice; attend to the orthography ; 
select one subject and keep to it, not doing five or six 
lines upon two subjects. 
10. All the previous questions being published, 
work them out, and ask some kind friend to examine, 
and, if necessary, correct the answers. 
11. Each candidate should state his age as indi¬ 
cated. 
12. By endeavouring to cany out these simple 
directions, candidates will not so frequently finish 
with “no more time.” 
DR. ACLAND ON THE NATIONAL HEALTH. 
A numerous and influential audience assembled 
in the theatre of the Iloyal College of Physicians on 
Friday, the 2nd instant, to hear Dr. Acland’s lecture 
on the “National Health.” Few men have esta¬ 
blished a better right to be heard on this subject 
than the Regius Professor of Medicine in the Uni¬ 
versity of Oxford. His monograph on the outbreak 
of cholera there in 1854; his numerous lectures and 
reports on drainage, on fever, on the sanitary con¬ 
dition of various localities, take rank among the 
best contributions to the science of hygiene; while 
their classic elegance of style has made their sub¬ 
ject attractive in quarters rarely reached by the 
pure savant. His lecture of Friday last will very 
shortly be made publici juris, so that it will suffice 
for us merely to draw attention to one or two of its 
salient features. 
Dr. Acland placed in a very clear light what is 
meant by National Health, which he defined to be. 
“ that condition of the individuals of the nation 
which enables those individuals to discharge rightly 
their respective functions in the State, ‘ to do their 
duty in the state of life to which they are called ’: 
the statesman to be in training for exercising the 
complex intellectual operations of his high office; 
the artisan, the soldier, the abstract thinker, each for 
his; and if we regard the philosophic teaching of the 
great author of the 4 Republic,’ parents of either sex 
for the raising of the future citizens of the State.”' 
Combating the objection that “National Health” is. 
a fiction of the mind,—that no such collective phy¬ 
sical condition exists,—he proceeded to show that' 
Darwin’s doctrine confirms the conviction that ac¬ 
quired habits, whether of body or mind, may be 
very permanent in a race—so permanent as to re¬ 
quire a corresponding persistency of sanitary amelio- 
ration to eradicate them. 
He drew an interesting sketch of the noble con¬ 
troversy which some forty years ago arose in Scot¬ 
land between Dr. Chalmers and Dr. Pulteney. 
Alison as to whether the care of the sick poor and. 
of the destitute should be left to the voluntary efforts, 
of the benevolent, or be placed under the strict eye 
of the law. The latter solution of the difficulty was. 
Alison’s, who showed, once for all, that whatever 
might have been the evils engendered in England 
under the Poor Law, the evils of destitution left to 
charity were greater, both to the nation and to tlia 
individual. In logical sequence on the doctrine of. 
Alison, we are fast reaching a further social con¬ 
ception that prevention of sickness is a yet more- 
rational course than its cure; that, in fact, prevention, 
of all disease which is not surgical, and of much, 
disease that is surgical, is as strictly a department 
of medicine as treatment. 
The great conditions of a nation’s health were, 
next passed in review, and the causes by wliicli. 
they are perverted were clearly and exhaustively set. 
forth. 
The distinguished lecturer concluded by enforcing, 
the necessity for a sanitary State service, and con¬ 
gratulated his audience on the fact that Trinity 
College, Dublin, had just followed the example of. 
University and of King’s College, London, in adding, 
a Professorship of State Medicine to its curriculum.. 
Scotland will be untrue to her traditions as a pro¬ 
moter of medical science, if she fail to follow the 
example of the sister kingdom. Whatever excuse 
she may have had for postponing the establishment 
of a sanitary chair becomes every day weaker and. 
weaker with the diffusion of such enlightened views, 
on national health as those of their latest and most 
eloquent expositor, Dr. Acland. 
The Adulteration of Food, Drugs, etc., Bill is not 
to be proceeded with further this session. On the 
1st instant the order for committee was discharged, 
and the Bill withdrawn. 
