1010 
THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. 
[June 17, 1871. 
peonine; these separately, or mixed, furnish most of 
the required shades. 
Aniline black is produced by the action of a salt of 
copper (the sulphide is generally used) on hydrochlorate 
of aniline. It is a very intense and fast colour. 
Lampblack, digested in strong sulphuric acid and then 
washed free from acid by cold water, has also been used 
us a black pigment. A black pigment is also obtained by 
precipitating a slightly ammoniacal decoction of logwood 
by a salt of iron, such as the nitrate of iron, and washing 
the resulting precipitate of hemateate of iron with cold 
water until tree from impurities. 
Guignot’s green (sesquioxide of chromium) is prepared 
by heating to dull redness a mixture of three parts of 
boracic acid and one part of bichromate of potash. The 
mixture swells and becomes of a very fine green coloiu\ 
The mass is then lixiviated with water to remove the 
borate of potash, and the sesquioxide of chromium finely 
pulverized is ready for use. In the preparation of this 
colour, too high a pressure, causing fusing of the mass, 
must be guarded against, as the colour is thereby entirely 
destroyed, an olive-green gloss being obtained in its 
place. 
Mauve colours are produced by the action of bichro¬ 
mate of potash, hypochlorite of lime and chloride of tin 
on solutions of salts of aniline. 
Magenta.—This name is applied to several of the salts 
of rosaniline,—the acetate and the hydrochlorate of rosa- 
niline. 
Rosaniline Co 0 H 19 N 3 is produced by the action of 
various oxidizing agents on a mixture of aniline and 
toluidine. The best result is obtained by heating a mix¬ 
ture of 70 per cent, of toluidine and 30 per cent, of 
aniline at a temperature of 190° F., until the production 
of colour is complete. The resulting product is impure 
arseniate of rosaniline, from solutions of which the rosa¬ 
niline may be obtained by precipitation by an alkali. 
Arseniate, acetate and hydrochlorate of rosaniline are 
soluble in water and alcohol and yield very fine pink 
colours. 
Blue and violet are obtained by heating salts of rosa¬ 
niline with aniline, and with many of the alcohol radi¬ 
cals, as phenyl, ethyl, methyl, etc., the alcohol radical 
taking the place of hydrogen. 
Amine, or rosolic acid, is produced by heating at 140° 
6 parts of carbolic acid, 4 parts of oxalic acid and 3 parts 
of sulphuric acid. It is soluble in alcohol and yields 
golden-yellow and orange shades. 
Peonine is produced by prolonged heating of aurine 
with a large excess of ammonia. This colour yields 
shades of crimson. 
These colours, by themselves or mixed, yield most 
shades required. 
For example:— 
Pt. Lavender.—Mauve -f- indigo extract. 
» Drab.-Logwood pulp + (Bio™ { } ) 
buff liquor { } 
„ Stone.—The above -j- ultramarine. 
„ Brown.—Berry pulp, magenta, pt. purple. 
,, _ Slate.—Indigo extract, magenta, black pulp. 
Thickenings.—Wheat starch, or gum tragacanth. 
Fixing Agents.—Blood or egg albumen, dissolved in 
water at 3 to 6 lb. per gallon, and used = 1 to 2 lb. albu¬ 
men per gallon of colour; caseine and gluten are also 
used as fixing agents. 
Steam Colours.—In these colours the ingredients are 
mixed in such a manner that they are soluble when 
printed, and so penetrate the fibre, but, on being sub¬ 
mitted to steam, chemical action takes place and an in¬ 
soluble colour is formed on the fibre. It is sometimes 
very difficult to meet this condition, but it is sometimes 
effected by leaving out an essential ingredient from the 
colour and preparing the cloth with it previous to print¬ 
ing ; indeed, as this preparation is found beneficial to 
most colours of this class, it is usually adopted, and is 
called steam prepare. 
Steam Prepare.—The goods are padded in a solution 
f 11° 
of stannate of soda, at 
1 
Tw., according to the kind 
of cloth and the colours likely to be printed on it. The 
cloth is then dried and beamed, after passing through 
weak acid and washing. 
Black.—Logwood liquor, 44 gallons at 12° -f- iron 
liquor, 2 gallons at 12°; starch, 12 lb.; boil and cool, then 
add iron liquor, 1| gallons, at 32°; FeCl, 1 quart, at 80°. 
Chocolate.—Logwood liquor, 6f gallons + starch, 13 
I. . . -r, -n (3 quarts berry liquor, at 80° ) 
lb. + 4 B. B. gum | 8 jg alum > } 
' 8 lb. red prussiate of potash ) 
' 14 gallons water. J 
U. Red.—Sapan, wood liquor, nitrate of alum, KO Cl 0 3 , 
alum, bark liquor, water starch. 
( Tartaric 
\ Oxalic 
\ / NH 3 C1 ) 
j \ Blue pulp j 
(Water ) 
R. Blue.— < Gum > 
( Starch j 
( Yellow and red pulp ) 
( Concentrated S 0 3 . j 
Green.—Blue + berry liquor + SnCL, or else -j- bark 
liquor. 
Lavender.—Logwood, boiled in red liquor oxalic 
acid or -f red prussiate = purple. 
Amber.—Berry liquor with oxide of tin. 
Brown.—Catechu, 4 lb.; acetic acid, 2^ pints 
-{-NaOC0 2 , 2 lb., in 1 gallon water; when used, add 
1 pint CuON 0 5 , at 102° Tw. 
The colours are printed and dried in the same manner 
as paint colours; and as the after treatment of those two 
kinds of colours differs much from that of the mordanted 
colours, we will follow them to completion. The printed 
goods, whether paints or steams, are loosely reeled, 
wrapped in a stout blanket and hung up in a strong iron 
chamber, where they are subjected to a pressure of steam 
for one hour, which in the case of paints fixes the colour 
by coagulating the albumen ; and, in the case of steams, 
developes as well as fixes the colours. The goods are 
then opened out and exposed to the air to cool, washed 
with water, sometimes slightly soaped and dried. They 
are then cleared. 
CONVERSAZIONE OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF 
PHYSICIANS. 
The Royal College of Physicians held a Conversazione 
on Wednesday evening. The attendance was numerous 
enough to be almost oppressive; the libraries and the 
dining room, where refreshments were served, being at 
one time so full that there was barely standing space. 
The objects of interest were judiciously selected from a 
great variety of quarters. Mr. Graves contributed the 
portraits of the Marquess of Lome and the Princess 
Louise, by Mr. Holyoake; Mr. Brudenell Carter, a very 
fine Japanese cloisonnee enamel; Professor Tennant, a 
selection of fossils, with diamonds from South Africa, 
and gold from New Zealand ; Dr. Rae, a number of curi¬ 
osities of the Esquimaux and North Pacific Islanders; 
while the Autotype Company, Messrs. Salviati and Co., 
the London Stereoscopic Company, Messrs. Murray 
and Heath (of Jermyn Street), and Messrs. Power and 
Lealand were each represented by numerous specimens 
of their respective arts. In the small library, Mr. An¬ 
derson Rose’s choice collection of engraved portraits de¬ 
servedly attracted much attention from those of the 
company who appreciated art in its application to his¬ 
tory ; and Mr. Seymour Haden’s very fine etchings also 
received special commendation. 
In consequence of the pressure upon our space caused 
by the legal reports, we are compelled this week to with¬ 
hold the Correspondence and Reports of Societies. 
