204 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[Joke, 
sown from the middle of this month to the first of 
next. For this purpose many prefer drills to hills. 
Furrows are made 5 to 7 feet apart, well manured, 
the manure covered with soil, and 12 to 20 seeds 
sown to the foot to allow an abundance for insects, 
covering an inch deep. If in hills, make them G or 
8 feet apart each way, and drop about 20 seeds in 
each. As soon as the plants appear dust with ashes 
or air-slaked lime. When the vines begin to run, 
thin to three in a hill, or a foot apart if in rows. 
Egg-Plants should not be put out until the 
weather is settled warm. They need abundant 
manuring and constant care to keep them from 
destruction by the potato-bug. <| 
Melons. —Plant and treat as directed for cucumbers. 
Onions require frequent weeding. Our most suc¬ 
cessful cultivators find a dressing of salt, at the rate 
of 3 or 4 bushels to the acre, applied when the 
plants are 4 or 5 inches high, of benefit. For a near 
market, half-grown onions, in bunches of 12 to 6, 
according to size, are more profitable than ripe ones. 
Parsnips and Salsify are generally left too close 
in the rows; 5 inches for the one and 4 for the 
other will give much finer roots than if left nearer. 
Hoe until the leaves meet across the rows. 
Peas. — Sow for succession, though in our hot 
summers they seldom amount to much. 
Phubarb. — Keep the flower stalks cut off. 
Spinach. —The common sort runs up to seed in 
hot weather; the New Zealand Spinach, a very dif¬ 
ferent plant, flourishes best in hot weather. The 
seed is uncertain ; sow a plenty in warm rich soil, 
and thin or transplant to 3 feet apart. Beets make 
an excellent substitute for spinach, pulled before 
the root is thicker than a quill. The Spinach 
Beet, and Swiss Chard, are also useful. 
Squashes. —The winter sorts should be planted as 
■directed last month. 
Sweet Potatoes. —Around New T fork, the early part 
of this month is soon enough. See May Notes. 
Tomatoes in garden culture should always have 
some kind of suppoi t. Single plauts may be neatly 
trained by a trellis made with three barrel hoops 
and three stakes. We have given numerous forms 
of supports in former volumes. The pea trellis 
given on p. 183, last month, is used, by the gentle¬ 
man who proposed it, for tomatoes also. Whatever 
support is used, it should be in place early, as 
when the plants become large enough to fall over 
they are very unmanagable. 
Sweet Herbs should be transplanted from the seed 
beds, from time to time, to fill vacant places. 
Turnips of the Ruta-baga sorts may be sown at 
the last of the month or early next. The “ Long 
French ” is best for family use, though not large. 
Odds and Ends. —Insects must always be attended 
to. The large green “ worm ” will make quick 
work with a tomato vine—hand pick it, for it 
neither bites nor stings; ditto squash bugs. 
Slaked-lime, or ashes, or both, should be freely- 
dusted on all young plants of the squash and turnip 
families.... See Note last month on “Weeds and 
Weeders.”.If watering is to be done, do it 
thoroughly. A mere sprinkling is of little use_ 
Sashes no longer needed for hot-beds or frames 
should be carefully put away under cover-Straw- 
mats are to be put away, when dry, in a dry place. 
Flower harden and Lawn. 
In most localities plantiug is done, and there is 
but little on that subject to add to last month’s 
Notes. Now comes the caring for that which has 
been planted, and many a novice will find that he 
has provided a difficult task for himself, and if he 
does the work himself, will determine to have 
another year more lawn and fewer beds. A small 
place well kept is vastly more satisfactory than a 
large one partially neglected. If one has a suita¬ 
ble locality, he should consider 
A Wild Garden , which is now becoming popular 
in Europe, in which hardy plants can grow with- 
■fnit any other care than to prevent the strong 
■crowding out the weak. Of course a garden of 
’this kind should not be in a conspicuous place. 
The surroundings of the house, whether limited or 
extensive, should always show careful keeping. 
And most important to this end is the care of 
The Lawn and Paths .—The frequent use of the 
lawn-mower, persistent uprooting of perennial 
weeds, and the clean cutting of the margins, whether 
they border paths or beds, are all essential to the 
neatness of the grounds. Weeds must be kept 
from the paths, as well as the beds and borders, 
and the roller used when needed. 
Bedding, if undertaken in ornamental designs, 
entails much care in keeping the beds in proper 
condition. The plants must be kept at a proper 
higlit by frequent pinching, and as they become 
crowded the lines between tne kinds must be kept 
clear and distinct by cutting away those that 
tend to run together and destroy the effect. 
Roses, unless attended to in time, soon present a 
sorry sight; on the first appearance of the “slug ; ” 
so-called, the little green caterpillar found on the 
underside of the leaves, very inconspicuous in itself, 
but soon sadly noticable for its work, apply “ white 
hellebore,” as directed for currants and goose¬ 
berries, under “Fruit Garden.” This should be 
repeated every few days, as long as required. Then 
the Rose-bugs follow, for whicn hand-pickmg is the 
only remedy, and this is best done when they are 
quiet, in early morning. Take a tin cup with a 
little water in it, on which a few drops of kerosene 
are floating, and knock the bugs off into this. 
When flowering is over, cut away the clusters. 
Fuchsias rarely do well in the open ground unless 
in a shaded place. They are best on the veranda. 
Tuberoses should only be set out when the weather 
is settled warm, and have a rich spot. 
Spring Bulbs, Hyacinths, Tulips, etc., should be 
kept growing until the leaves Degin to fade ; then 
i take them up and spread under cover until the 
leaves are quite dry, when these arc to be removed 
and the bulbs stored in a cool dry place until fall. 
Annuals .—Sow for succession, and set out the 
tender kinds started under glass. 
Sundry Matters .—Cut away the clusters from 
perennials and shrubs as soon as the flowers fade, 
unless seeds are wanted ... Dahlias depend largely 
upon sticks and strings, are easily broken by 
storms, and need frequent care.... Stakes will be 
needed by gladioluses, tuberoses, and other plants. 
They should be as inconspicuous as possible; if 
painted stakes are used, let them be brown or some 
neutral tint rather than green.... If seeds are saved, 
select from the best always.... Weeds and insects 
are to be constantly looked for and disposed of. 
Greenlioiise :in<l Window Plants. 
There is but little to add to last month’s Notes. 
As the heat increases, more care in watering will 
bo required by the plants set out, as well as those 
left in the house. Increase the shading if needed. ; 
Commercial Matters—Market Prices. 
The following condensed, comprehensive tables, care¬ 
fully prepared specially for the American Agriculturist , 
from our daily record during the year, show at a glance 
the transactions for the month ending May 13/A, ISIS, 
and for the corresponding period last year: 
1. TRANSACTIONS AT TUB NJBW YORK MARKETS. 
Receipts. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Hue. Jhtrlei/. Oats. 
26 d’s tins m’tli323,000 3,417,000 2,109,000 396,000 405,000 581,000 
27 d’s last m'tli271,000 3,102,000 1,418,000 293,000 387,000 496,000 
Sai.es. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Iti/e. Harley. Oats. 
26d's Wtis m’tli407,000 4,376,000 2,531,000 423,000 371,000 835,000 
27 d’s last m'Ui326,000 3,491,000 3,105,000 412,000 563,000 619,000 
ti. Comparison with same period at this time last year. 
Receipts. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Eye. Barley. Oats. 
26 days 1878. .323,000 3,417,000 2,109,000 396,000 405,000 581,000 
27 days 1877..237,100 254,000 1,570,000 51,000 198,000 573,000 
Sacks. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Earley. Oats. 
26 days 1878..407,000 4,376,000 2,531,000 423,000 371,OliO 835,00 i 
27 days 1877 319,000 1,072,000 7,119,000 62,000 93,000 1,570,000 
3. Exports from Pew York. Jan. 1, to May 9. 
Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. Oats. Peas. 
hbls. bush. hush. bush. bush. bush. bush. 
1878. .904,902 14,932,098 6,690.781 1,340.39', 1,355,409 223,827 212,106 
1877.. 436.097 3,124,698 7,062,226 439,605 123,0S3 60,111 136,874 
1876.. 728.579 7,611,910 4,336,520 102,604 75,290 319,539 
4 . Stock of grain in store at JVew York. 
Wheat. Corn. Rye. Earley. Oats. Malt. 
hush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. 
May 7, 1878.. 718,196 263,020 75,229 207,576 570,293 258,327 
Apr.15,1878. .1,370.081 541,648 106,375 396.861 857,273 253,424 
Mar.11,1878 .1,639.8* 420,181 114,260 C60.145 1,090,897 275,705 
Feb. 11,1878.. 1,674,035 774.470 208,816 831,673 1,415,633 318.079 
Jan. 10,1878..2,586,715 105,909 286,333 913,898 1,687.985 321,474 
Dec. 10,1877. .2,841,982 1.723.229 399,077 864,787 1,879,052 858,849 
Nov. 5, 1877.. 981,374 2,643.502 166.919 868.429 1,770,759 328,388 
May 7.1877.. 761,686 468,809 193,016 174,375 317,881 291,654 
Feb. 7,1877..3.083.819 2,302,261 374,142 671.114 956,111 388.605 
Jan. 8. 1877..3,668,Old 3.077.504 34',750 905,615 1,088,104 425,406 
Dec. 11.1876. .3.110.283 8,385,554 218.841 873,310 1,182,322 512.041 
Apr. 10,1876..3,393.074 232,110 68,429 200,381 706.282 436,942 
Jan. 10,1876. .5,802,293 663,982 100,711 325,191 1,080.300 307,438 
CURRENT WlIOLBSAI.lt l'KICBS. 
Apr. 17. May 13. 
PlitCIt OE GOLD. 
100 3-8 
100 1-3 
I* IX)UK—Super to Extra State $4 15 
© 5 60 ! 
H 10 
@ 4 60 
Super to Extra Southern_ 
4 25 
® 7 75 
4 10 
© 7 75 
lixtra Western. 
4 90 
© 9 00 
4 60 
@ 8 50 
Extra Genesee. 
5 00 
© 6 25 
4 75 
@ 6 00 
Superfine Western .. 
4 15 
© 4 90 
4 10 
© 4 60 
Rye Flour, Superfine. 
3 10 
© 4 15 
3 00 
@ 3 75 
Corn-.Meai. 
2 25 
@ 3 15 
2 25 
@ 8 10 
Wheat—A ll kinds ol White. 
1 35 
© 1 46 
1 35 
@ 1 43 
All kinds ol Red and Amber. 
1 (10 
© 1 40 
1 00 
© 1 38 
Coax—Yellow . 
52 
@ 57 
50 
@ 56 
Mixed .. 
45 
© 58 
48 
© 56 
White. 
50 
@ 57 
50 
@ 57 
Oats - W eslern .. 
32 
@ 40 
32 %© 40 
State. 
S3 
© 40 
33 
@ 41 
Ryu. 
67 
(To 75 
70 
© 75 
Barley . 
49 
@ 90 
46k@ 85 
Barley Malt. 
65 
@ 1 20 
65 
@ 1 10 
Hay—J iale, ?< 1011 H.s. 
10 
(re 85 
40 
® 85 
Straw, iff 100 as. 
35 
© 65 
35 
@ 65 
Cotton—M iddlings. iff it, 
io%@ io% 
10%<a 10% 
Hots—C ron ol 1877. ifilt . 
5 
@ 10 
5 
@ 10 
old, 9 tb . 
1 
@ 3 
1 
@ 3 
Feathers—’L ive Geese. lb 
35 
© 47k 
S5 
@ 47k 
Seed—C lover, V est. & Stiff lb 
7 
@ 7% 
7&<a 7& 
Timothy, iff bushel. 
1 25 
@ 1 40 
1 25 
@ 1 37k 
Flax, tA bushel...'.. 
1 45 
1 50 
1 40 
© 1 60 
Sugar— Reli’g& Grocery iff It 
6k <8 8% 
6 
@ 8% 
Molasses. < uba. iffgnl. 
26 
@ 38 
22 
@ 30 
New Orleans, ? gal. 
30 
© 52 
23 
@ 50 
Coffee— Rio(GoId). 
13%© 17 
14%@ 17% 
Toiiacco, Kentucky, &c.,|tlt. 
2k@ 14 
2%@ 14 
Seed Leaf, $ lb .... 
4 
© 50 
4 
© 50 
\\ ool—D omestic Fleece, «tft lb 
25 
@ 48 
23 
@ 46 
Domestic, pulled. lb. 
20 
@ 36 
18 
@ 35 
(lalifornia, spring clip,. 
13 
& 28 
12 
(1 27 
California fill clip. 
10 
@ 19 
10 
& 19 
Tallow, ill ft 
7k@ 7k 
7 H® 7% 
Oil-Cake—?' Ion . 
30 00 
@31 50 
30 00 
@31 00 
Pork—M ess, barrel . 
9 75 
@10 25 
9 30 
@ 9 75 
Extra Prime, in barrel. . 
8 50 
@ 8 75 
8 50 
@ - 
Beef—E xtra mess. ... 
12 (10 
@12 25 
12 00 
@12 25 
Lard, in tres. & bbls, iff 100 14 
6 75 
@ 7 75 
6 62X@ 7 17% 
Butter—S late, iff ft. 
10 
@ 35 
10 
® 23 
Western, poor to fancy. W ft. 
8 
© 36 
7 
@ 23 
cheese. . .... 
5 
& 13% 
4 
@ Ilk 
Eggs—F resh,7 s dozen _... 
9 
& 11 
10k® 13k 
Poultry—F owls, 9 ft. 
3 
® 13 
9 
@ 15 
Chickens. 9 ft. 
20 
@ 50 
20 
@ 23 
pair. 
— 
® - 
50 
© 1 25 
Turkeys—18 ft. 
8 
& 16 
10 
@ 17 
Geese, iff pair.. . 
1 12K@ 2 00 
75 
@ 1 50 
Ducks, pair. 
60 
@ 1 12 
60 
® 1 12 
?lb. 
12 
© 20 
— 
@ - 
Roosters,? 1 ft.. 
5 
@ - 
6 
@ 8 
Capons, $ lb.. . 
— 
@ - 
25 
@ 31 
Apples—| i barrel. 
2 50 
@ 4 50 
2 75 
@ 6 00 
Peanuts, domestic, 9 bush.. 
85 
© 1 40 
85 
@ 1 40 
Strawberries, $ quart. 
20 
@ SO 
20 
@ 30 
CRANBERRIES—?! bill. 
6 50 
& 8 50 
6 00 
@ 9 00 
? crate. 
1 50 
© 2 50 
— 
@ - 
Oranges, Florida, ? bbl_ 
4 00 
© 7 00 
— 
@ — 
Radishes, new, V 100 bun.... 
50 
® 1 25 
50 
@ 1 25 
Peas—C anada, m bond, if) bu 
83 
@ 84 
82 
@ 63 
green, finish. 
1 12k@ — 
1 05 
@ 1 10 
new So.. 9 crate_ 
1 25 
@ 2 25 
50 
® 75 
59 bid. 
— 
® — 
4 00 
© 5 00 
Potatoes, new, ? bid. 
6 00 
@ 6 00 
3 00 
® 7 00 
$ crate. 
1 50 
© 1 75 
— 
@ - 
Potatoes— old, ip bbl. 
1 00 
® 1 50 
1 00 
@ 1 50 
Sweet Potatoes— new if cle 
— 
@ - 
50 
@ 1 25 
Beets, is bbl. 
60 
@ 75 
— 
@ — 
Bermuda,5ft crate. . 
75 
@ 1 50 
1 00 
@ 1 25 
Turnips 58 bbl. 
25 
@ 50 
25 
@ 62 k 
•• white, 100 bundles. 
— 
@ - 
1 50 
@ 2 00 
Beans 30 bushel.. 
1 25 
@ 2 35 
1 50 
@ 2 60 
Broom-corn. 
4 
@ 7% 
4 
© Ik 
Spinach, 59 bbl.. . 
1 00 
© 2 50 
50 
@ 75 
Kale, 59 bid. 
75 
@ 1 00 
35 
@ 60 
Tomatoes, 59 box— . 
75 
@ 1 00 
50 
@ 80 
Cabs vgks—30 100. 
— 
@ - 
5 00 
@10 00 
new. 59 bbl. 
— 
® - 
50 
@ 1 75 
Onions— rt bbl. 
75 
® 1 75 
1 25 
@ 3 50 
59 crate. 
2 00 
@ 6 00 
— 
@ - 
Carrots, ?f bbl . 
50 
© 75 
— • 
@ - 
Rhubarb, $ 100 bunches. 
@ — 
75 
@ 2 00 
Asparagus, new, ^ doz. bun 
3 r.o 
@ 5 50 
75 
@ 1 50 
Lettuce, i» bbl. 
2 00 
@ 3 00 
1 50 
© 2 50 
Souasii. 59 bbl. 
2 00 
@ 2 50 
1 25 
© 1 75 
String Beans, ? crate. 
— 
© — 
1 50 
@ 2 00 
Watercrebses. 9 bbl. 
— 
2 00 
@ 3 00 
Cucumbers, 59 crate. 
— 
© — 
2 00 
@ 4 75 
Gold has been up to 100%, 
and down to 
100%, closing 
May 13, at 10014, hs against 100'1 on April 17th; 
102X on January 12; 103 on December 12 ; 102% on No¬ 
vember 12; 103 on October 12; 105% on July 12 ; 104% 
on June 12; 10714 May 12, of last year.Breadstuff's 
have been quite freely dealt in, during tlie month, 
largely on export and speculative account, but at variable 
prices, closing, generally, with more firmness. The ex¬ 
port movement in No. 2 Chicago (mixed) Oats has 
been on a liberal scale, mainly for France and Belgium. 
The opening of the Canals, and the general resumption 
of inland navigation have served to augment the availa¬ 
ble supplies of Fiour and Grain, especially the latter, and 
with the very favorable crops and weather reports, have 
tended to depress prices. In the line of Provisions, bus¬ 
iness has been less active, and on tlie basis of reduced 
figures, in most instances. Hog products have been 
pressed for sale, with more than usual eagerness. Butter 
and Cheese have declined materially, and close weak. 
_A very moderate demand has been noted for HopB, 
Seed, and Tobacco, within the previous range... .Cotton 
has been rather more sought after, closing stronger ... 
Wool has been offered freely, and quoted lower, without 
stimulating operations, which have been on a moderate 
scale. ..Hay and Straw steady, but not active... Ocean 
freights have shown more animation, but at irregular 
rates, leaving off more steadily... .Grain rates by steam to 
Liverpool closed May 13th at 8<f. (about 16 cents) per 
bushel; Glasgow, 8J4@9 d.\ London, 7%tfi)8d.; Bristol, 
9d.; Hull, 8 Yid. ; the Continent, Va)0d \ by sail to Liver¬ 
pool, 7@7!4 d.\ London, iCdl'/.d. $ bush. Flour to 
Liverpool, by steam, 2s. 9 d.@3s. (about 66 cents $ bbl.); 
by sail at 2s.@2s. l/ 2 d. \ London, 2s.@2s. \'Ad-, and by 
steam, 2s. 0d.@J2s. 9d„ ; Bristol, by si cam, 3s.@3s. 3d., and 
sail, 2s. 4 Ad. per bbl. Provisions by steam to Liverpool, 
