1878 .] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST 
285 
Fruit Garden. 
The early crops being off, the plants must be 
treated with reference to next year’s bearing. 
Strawberries .—Growers differ as to the advisa¬ 
bility of fall or spring planting. A new strawberry 
plant needs a full season’s growth to become strong 
enough to bear a full crop. If the early runners 
remain where they take root, they will bear a crop 
next spring. If they are rooted in pots, and trans¬ 
ferred to another bed, without any disturbance of 
the roots, they will bear well next year. This 
method, described more in full on p. SOI, while 
very useful in private gardens, is not to be thought 
of by those who plant acres. If ordinary plants be 
set next spring, they will grow all the season, and 
give a crop the year following. IE set tins fall, they 
will make some growth, give a few berries next 
spring, but not a full crop until the next year. 
Growers of Plants advise spring planting, and with 
good reason, their propagating beds keep pushing 
out runners, which take root and form new plants 
until cold weather checks them. If planting 
is done in the fall, it should be done early—not 
later than September; and to furnish plants at this 
time the nurseryman is obliged to waste many run¬ 
ners, which if left alone for a few weeks would 
make good plants for his spring sales. 
Li Fall Planting, the ground is in such excellent 
condition, and other work is not so pressing as in 
spring, that those who raise their own plants, will 
find it advantageous to set at this season. If the 
plants are at hand, they can be set early in Sep¬ 
tember, after very hot weather is over; at this time 
the outer leaves of the plants should be removed, 
leaving only the central bud ; if the season is favor¬ 
able for a late growth, the chances are that a fair 
crop may be gathered next spring. 
Blackberries and Raspberries .—The new growth to 
bear next year having been selected, all other 
shoots are to be destroyed. Pinching the growing 
end, when the canes are tall enough, as advised last 
month, will cause side shoots to grow, and these, 
when 12 or 18 inches long, according to the kind, 
are to have their growth stopped by pinching. 
Proper attention at this season will result in well- 
branched stocky plants, with abundant fruit next 
year. Black-caps and those red varieties that do 
not form suckers, are to have their new shoots re¬ 
quired for next year’s fruiting, similarly pinched, 
and all others, that will make the bush too dense, 
are to be removed. 
Grape Vines need watching for the first ap¬ 
pearance of mildew. Some varieties, especially 
those hybrids containing a cross of the European 
vine, are usually more susceptible to mildew than 
the natives. When the leaves of any vine in the 
collection, show grayish white spots on the under¬ 
side, or the stems to the clusters show a mouldy 
appearance, apply sulphur to the whole, as it acts 
as a preventive, as well as a cure. The dealers 
furnish bellows for the purpose, which allow the 
under-6ide of the leaves to be reached. Apply on 
a still day, and diffuse a slight but uniform dustiug 
over the whole vine. If laterals continue to push, 
pinch back as heretofore directed. 
Dwarf Pears and such other large fruits as may 
be in the fruit garden, are to be treated as directed 
under “ Orchard.” 
Insects, are still to be fought; the fall web- 
worm is not particular as to its choice, and spreads 
its net here and there. The large beetles and cater¬ 
pillars upon the grape are to be hand-picked. 
Biitclicn and Market Garden. 
This is a month of abundant, returns from the 
garden, but it is also one of a rich harvest of weeds. 
The hot days are favorable to the destruction of 
weeds, and all work with the horse or hand imple¬ 
ments tells most satisfactorily. Weed-killing— 
always in order—and the setting and sowing of a 
few late and succession crops are about all that will 
occupy the gardener, -who will find in this of all 
working months his nearest approach to leisure. 
•Many of last month’s Notes apply to this. 
Heed Sowing for the later crops will begin this 
month. Spinach may be sown for an early fall- 
crop, but that to be cut later, or to be wintered 
over, should not go in until next mouth. Ruta¬ 
bagas, if not put in last month, should be sown at 
once ; but the quicker-maturing sorts like Yellow- 
Stone and Aberdeen will be more sure now, and in 
the latitude of New York, are sown during the last 
of the month ; the “ Cow-horn ” and “ Strap-leaf ” 
will do if sown early next month. 
Beans and Peas .—If beaus are wanted for piekling 
or salting, sow Early Valentine. Refugee is the 
variety usually advised for a late crop, but is not so 
good as the other for preserving or for table use. 
Late crops of peas will sometimes succeed. The 
Early Dwarf sorts, like “ Little Gem,” may be tried. 
Onions are usually ready to harvest at the end of 
this, or the first of next month ; when a majority of 
the tops fall over, growth has ceased, and the 
onions may be pulled. Many growers prefer to sell 
at once. If they are to be stored the onions should 
be left on the bed, throwing three or four rows into 
one, until well cured. 
Onion Sets, as soon as growl h ceases, are to be 
pullc-d, allowed to dry, and stored in a cool, airy 
place in thin layers, to prevent heating. 
Celery .—Late plantings may still be made, and in 
ordinary seasons will form good-sized roots. That 
already out needs to have the cultivator run between 
the rows, occasionally, and such weeds as appear in 
the rows removed by hand or a “ lance-headed hoe.” 
Root Crops of all kinds should be worked until 
the growth of leaves prevents it. 
Sweet, Corn in the garden, with a little care, may 
be made to aid the dairy. So soon as the ears are 
off, the stalks may be cut to feed green, or they 
may be cured for later use. Reject and burn all 
stalks that are “ smutty.” 
Sweet Potatoes are to be kept clear of weeds until 
the vines cover the ground ; lift or move them oc¬ 
casionally to keep the vines from taking root. 
' Squashes, on the other hand, should be allowed 
to take root. (See last mouth on insects, etc.) 
Melons may be made to ripen evenly, by turning, 
as they approach maturity, and it is well to place a 
wisp of hay or a sliiugle under them to keep them 
from the ground. When a melon is ripe the stem 
readily parts from the fruit. 
Watermelons are known to be ripe by the sound 
they give when struck by the finger. A sound can¬ 
not be readily described, but a little practice soon 
makes it familiar. 
Insects will beabundautand must not be neglected. 
As soon as turnips are up ‘‘the flea” will find 
them. Sprinkle air-slaked lime or ashes along the 
rows. Watch the tomatoes for the “ worm,” which 
can usually be traced by its droppings. 
Flower Warden and Lawn, 
The work here will be mainly that of keeping 
things in order. See last mouth’s Notes on mowing 
lawns, and let the operation be governed by the 
condition of the grass and the weather... .Stake 
Dahlias, Tuberoses, Gladioluses, Lilies, and such 
other plants as need this support... .Insects are 
often troublesome ; the abundant lice on Chrysan¬ 
themums may be treated to 6troug tobacco water. 
The caterpillars which disfigure lilies are to be 
hand-picked_Cut away flower clusters when 
faded, and remove all spent annuals... .Bedding 
plants in lines or figures will need pinching to keep 
them at proper hight, or to prevent the lines from 
becoming indistiuet by plants growing together_ 
If it is desirable to make cuttings of any bedding 
plants, do it while they are still vigorous. 
Grccnlioiise and Window Plants. 
The needed directions for these were given in last 
month’s Notes_Whatever repairs are needed 
about the greenhouses or frames, should be done 
long before cool weather comes... .Propagation of 
many plants may go on in a shaded house. Most 
roses will grow from cuttings of shoots that have 
well-formed buds in the axils of their leaves, and 
cuttings should be taken of such bedding plauts as 
jt is desirable to keep a stock of during winter, 
and of such plants as have been turned out into, 
the borders, and will be too large to take up in the 
fall... .See that pots set out of doors are not exposed 
to full sun, as this will greatly injure the roots, and 
is often an unsuspected cause of bad health. 
Commercial Matters—Market Prices. 
The following condensed, comprehensive tables, care¬ 
fully prepared specially for the American Agriculturist , 
from oar daily record during the year, show at a glance 
the transactions for the month ending July 13 !h, 1878^ 
and for the corresponding period last year: 
1. TRANSACTIONS AT TUB NEW TOI'.i; SIAUKKTS. 
Receipts. Flout'. Wheat. Corn. lint. Harley Oats 
2. » <1 ’a this m’l.b382,000 4,907,000 3,902,000 490.000 261,000 ' 1,137 000 
26d’s2ov2m'Ui341,0u0 4,812,000 3,617,000 616,000 307,000 bll.OOO 
SAl.its. yin nr. Wheat. Corn. Hue. Barley. Oats 
25(Vs <A/«ni’tli476.0n0 6,518,000 5,151,000 570,000 9S.000 1,976,009- 
26 d’a last m’tl,413,000 5,409,0ul) 4,815,000 741,000 229,000 1,973,000 
!i. Comparison with same period at this time last year. 
Receipts. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. Oats. 
25 days 1873. .382,000 4.907,000 3,962.000 490,000 261,000 1,137.000 
25 (lays 1877. .267.500 2,511,000 3,104,000 79,000 197,000 1,281.000 
Sai.es. Flour. Wheat, corn. Hilt.. Barley. Oats. 
25 days 1878..476,000 6.518,000 5.151,000 570,000 9S,0(X) 1,956,000 
25 days 1877 . 354,000 2,605,600 4,2.6,000 119,000 225,000 1,209,000 
3. Exports from New York, Jan. 1, to July 11. 
Flour. Wheat. Corn.' Rye. Barley. Oats. Peas. 
Mils. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. 
’78.1.387,000 23.216,000 13,304,000 8,541,000 1,6.53,000 891,1100 203,000 
’17 . 613,-111 4,610.061 10,108(374 717,505 543.151 92.515 150,282 
’76.1,043,123 15,760,3:10 8.398,861 541,823 8,073 ‘212.581 410.9 0- 
\5 923.239 10.038,507 6,903,193 105.637 165 61,840 218,169' 
•74.1,18-2,186 20.601,800 10.185,009 513,622 240 52,603 252,765- 
’13 . 658.482 6,377,645 6.531,315 100,676 19,226 17,573 53,080- 
'72 . 418,080 -4,202,506 11,067,765 3C6,S29 22,656 17,215 115,069 
4. Stock of grain in store at New York. 
Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. Oats. Malt. 
1)1190. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. 
Jnly 11,’78..1,591,132 720,784 133,852 174.000 207.769 603.075 
JunelO, '78..11487,790 616,623 148,889 107.507 603,153 288,285 
Mav 7, 1878.. 743.196 '263.020 75,229 2(7.576 570.298 253,327 
Apr.15,1878. .1,870,081 511.648 106,375 396.861 857,273 253.424 
Mar.11,1878. .1,639,371 4 .0,484 114,260 660,145 1,090',897 275,705. 
Feb. II, 1878.. 1,674,035 771,470 208,816 88 ,673 1,415,633 318,079 
Jail. 10.1878. .2,580,715 105.909 286,333 918,898 1,087.985 321,474 
Dec. 10,1877. . 2 , 8 11.982 1.723.229 399 077 861,737 1,879,0.52 358.849 
Mov.5, 1877.. 981,374 2,643.502 -160.949 368.429 1,770,759 328,388 
May 7, 1877.. 761,646 468,809 193,016 174,375 347,831 291,654 
Feb. 7,1877..3,083,319 2,302,261 3.4,142 611.114 956,111388.605 
Jim. 8, 1877. .3,663,010 8.077,504 -341,750 905,615 1.083,104 425,406 
Dec. 11.1876. ,3,110.288 S,385.5-4 21S 841 878,310 1,182,822 542,041 
Apr. 10.1876..3, 93,(174 .232,140 68.429 2Ufl,38L 706.282 436,942 
Jan. 10,1876..5,802,293 008,982-100,741 325,191 1,030,390 307,438 
5. Title-water Receipts at Albany, from opening of nav¬ 
igation. to July 1st: 
Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. Oats. Malt. 
bbls. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. 
’73.. 2.100 8,041,600 7.109,700 626,500 281,500 1,1103,300 110,600 
’77.. 2,3 0 1,361,81)0 4,111,100 1 3.100 310,700 728,200 175,8'0 
•78.. 10,100 5,594,100 887.1'0 213,500 91,000 1,129,700 ‘231,000 
'75.. 17,200 4,295,800 1,214,300 54,4(10 - 782,300 428,808 
’71.. 17,900 8,618,000 4.190,000 .114.190 74,100 996,2o0 - 
*73.. 52.100 3,556,100 3.518.100 293,100 12,200 810,400 - 
’12 . 32.200 1,632 800 6,516.600 . 203,100 451,200 1.501,200 - 
’71.. 78,700 4,328,8.0 4,253,000 40,200 40,100 999,600 - 
Gold has been up to 101. and down to IOOJ 4 , closing 
July 13,at 100%,a?agailist 100% on June 13; 10 Ton May 13; 
100J4 on April 17lli; 102ts on Jan. 12; 103 on Dec.12; 102% on 
November 12; 103 on October 12; and 105% on July 12 
of last year_Foreign advices, as to Breadstuffs, have 
been more or less variable and conflicting in tenor, but 
toward the close deemed favorable to the export interest, 
while domestic crop and weather reports have been, on 
the whole, encouraging; though, in instances, less so than 
about the date of onr last review. Receipts of Bread- 
etnfl'a at the seaboard have been on a restricted scale, 
checked to a considerable extent by speculative influences 
in operation at the West. This circumstance has been 
against a free export movement. Nevertheless, business 
in Floor and Grain has been quite extensive. In Flour, 
mainly for home trade; in Wheat, Corn, and Rye, largely 
for shipment; and in Oats, chiefly for local use and on, 
speculative account, though to a respectable aggregate 
for the French market. Prices of Breadstuffs have fluctu¬ 
ated frequently, and in several cases, widely—Wheat 
showing a further marked decline, but leaving off more 
firmly. The transactions in Corn at the extreme close 
were on a very liberal scale, on Friday, 12lh July, ex¬ 
ceeding 1,350,000 bushels, of which over 1,000,000 bushels 
were for future delivery. New Wheat, and new crop 
Wheat Flour, have been arriving more freely, and have 
been selling on arrival at generally low figures. The 
most important operations in new Wtieat, however, have 
been in Choice Red, Amber, and White, for future de¬ 
livery, extending into September, and almost wholly to 
export buyers_Cotton has been less active, and quoted 
lower, closing irregularly .. Wool has met with a readier 
market toward the close,and leaves off with more thinness. 
Provisions have been in more demand, but unsettled as 
to prices, closing more steadily . .Hay and Hops have 
been in generally slack request at. our quotations_ 
Tobacco more active at. unchanged rates_Rice brisker 
at stronger prices_Naval Stores and Petroleum in 
moderate demand .. Grass Seeds dull_Groceries fairly. 
active; Sugar and Molasses steadier_Ocean freights 
have been modoratively active, especially in the Grain,. 
Petroleum, and Provision interests, hilt close low¬ 
er . Grain rates by steam to Liverpool closed July 13th 
at 6%(g)7d. (about 14 cents) per bushel; Glasgow, 7%d,. 
