1878 .] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST, 
T53 
severity of winter is over, but knife work may be 
done at any time; young trees may be cut back 
into shape, and large ones may be trimmed. 
Manures .—The orchard is the only part of the farm 
that is expected to yield two crops, and so long as 
the practice prevails of taking off a crop of hay or 
grain in addition to one of fruit, so long shall we 
have complaints of bitter rot and other evils. Not 
only should the land be given up to the trees, when 
of bearing age, but these should be manured, if not 
every year, at least every third year, not by putting 
a small heap next to the trunk, but by spreading a 
good dressing over the whole surface. If the sea- 
sou allows, this may be spread now and turned un¬ 
der by shallow plowing. If the ground is frozen, 
draw out the manure and leave it until spring,. 
Various Matters.—Wool grafting may be done on 
stormy days : work upon one variety at a time, to 
avoid errors ; as soon as grafted, place the roots in 
boxes of earth, correctly label, and keep in a cool 
cellar until spring_Destroy the eggs of the Tent 
Caterpillar if seen on the ends of the twigs.... 
See last month’s Notes about rabbits and mice. 
Fruit burden. 
But little is to be done, except to finish up fall 
work and get into winter quarters as soon as possi¬ 
ble_Unfinished pruning of grape-vines, currants, 
and gooseberries, may be done in mild days.... 
Strawberries should have their covering when cold 
weather fairly sets in. See article on “ Winter Pro¬ 
tection,” p. 471.. ..The care for winter pears is the 
same as that for winter apples ; when they begin 
to come into eating condition they are much im¬ 
proved by bringing them, a few at a time, into a 
warm room to finish off_If tender raspberries are 
not yet covered with earth, do it before freezing 
prevents... .Apply coarse manure around currants, 
gooseberries, hardy raspberries, and blackberries ; 
in the spring rake off the straw, and fork in the rest. 
Kitchea ;oi«l Market tliardeii. 
The Notes of October and November suggest 
several things that may be done if the autumn is 
prolonged into the present month. In many locali¬ 
ties the covering of spinach, the care of cabbages, 
etc., may be safely put ofE until now. 
Cover gradually all crops that are stored out of 
doors. If celery in trenches is covered at once, 
there will be loss by decay, or it may be so warm 
that the plants will start into growth and the stalks 
become hollow. This, and roots in pits, etc., should 
have only a few inches of covering at first, to 
be thicker as the weather gets colder. 
Cold Frames will need special attention. It must 
be remembered that the cabbages, cauliflowers and 
lettuce stored in these are not to grow, and that to 
allow them to start into growth will be very sure to 
ruin all. Only in very cold weather can the sashes 
be kept closed all day with safety. When the 
mercury is at 10° in still weather, the sashes must 
be lifted slightly, or pushed down an inch or two. 
If at 15° or 20°, more air must be given, and when 
it is at 30° or above, remove the glass altogether. 
Cellars where roots are stored need to be kept 
cool, else the roots will shrivel or start into growth ; 
in either case their quality will be injured. See 
what is said last month on covering with earth. 
Seeds should be cleaned, properly labeled, and put 
away in a dry, cool place. Keep no stock concern¬ 
ing which there are doubts as to kind or quality. 
8ome seeds, like the parsnip, are not good the 
second year, while others, like cucumber, etc., 
keep good a long time ; hence a seed need not al¬ 
ways be discarded because it is old. The works 
on gardening usually state the time that the 
seed of each vegetable retains its vitality. 
Flower Warden and l<awn. 
When we see, as we sometimes do, a lawn covered 
with coarse stable-manure, we are sure that there is 
trouble, in the way of weeds, in store for the owner. 
Only the most thoroughly composted manure 
should be used, and some contend that it is impos¬ 
sible to kill all the weed-seeds, no matter how 
thoroughly it is fermented. However this may he, 
we know that there is no risk in the various arti¬ 
ficial manures ; if compost is used, apply it now. 
....Do not forget snow plows, as suggested last 
month_Heavy falls of snow may do much dam¬ 
age to trees, especially evergreens; wlieu this 
lodges in the trees, shake it out before it becomes 
icy and fixed: deep snow in settling will drag down 
the lower branches of evergreens, and may break 
them off ; this should be prevented by shoveling it 
away and freeing the branches. 
4jJreeaii!i©sBse annul Window 
The general rules for the care of house-plants 
given last month will be timely all winter. 
The Temperature is more easily regulated in the 
greenhouse tbau in the parlor or living-room. A 
temperature of 70° in the day-time is sufficient for 
ordinary greenhouse plants, and this may be 15° or 
20° less during the night. With a proper heating 
arrangement, this is easily managed in the green¬ 
house, but in rooms it is often exceeded, and as 
the dryness is in proportion, the plants fare poorly. 
It would be better for the family if the temperature 
of the rooms was oftener governed by the needs 
of the plants, as they are generally overheated. 
Hanging Plants, whether in baskets, or in sus¬ 
pended pots (see page 470), are more apt to become 
over-dry than others, and need special care. Baskets 
are best watered by plunging them in a bucket or 
tub of water, and allowing them to get thoroughly 
soaked through; of course dripping must cease 
before they are returned to place. 
Chrysanthemums that have bloomed in the house 
should be cut down, when past their prime, and the 
pots be placed in the cellar or a pit; in either case 
they should not become dust-dry. 
Plants in. Cellars .—A good cellar is an excellent 
place for storing plants that are used for summer 
decoration, and as a reserve place for winter plants. 
Being dormant, they need but very little water, but 
they should not be allowed to dry out altogether. 
Bulbs in Pots , when the$ have made roots, which 
may be known by turning out the ball, are to be 
brought into the greenhouse, or warm room, where 
they are to flower. It is better to bring forward 
but a few at a time—say at the interval of a week 
or so—in order to have a long succession of bloom. 
Commercial Matters—Market Prices. 
The following condensed, comprehensive tables, care¬ 
fully prepared specially for the American Agriculturist , 
from our record kept daily during the year, show at a 
glance the transactions for the month ending Nov. 13/h, 
1S78, and for the corresponding period last year: 
1. TRANSACTIONS AT I'lIK NEW YORK MARKK'l'S. 
Receipts. Flour. Wheat. Corn. line. Harley. Oats. 
27d’s«/iis m’th5t3,000 5,821,000 3,971,000 567,000 1,079,000 1,217,000 
26 d’s last m’tli462,000 7,782,000 5,413,000 605,000 508,000 2,311,000 
Sa r.Ks. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. Oats. 
27d’s this m’Mi521.060 6,413,000 4,812,000 531,000 826,000 1,473,000 
26 d’s last m’tli507,000 11,154,000 7,845,000 617,000 312,000 2,214,000 
li. Comparison with same period at this time last near. 
Receipts. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rt/e. Barley. Oats. 
27 days 1878. .513,000 5.821.000 3,971.000 567.000 1,079,000 1,217,000 
26 days 1877. .394.000 4,201,000 3,516,000 403,000 1,114,000 1,503,000 
Sai.es. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Hue. Uarlet/. Oats. 
27 days 1878, .521,000 6.113,000 4.812.000 531,000 826.000 1,473,000 
26 days 1877 . 429,000 5,941,000 4,267,000 42S.000 1,043,000 1,397,000 
3. Exports from New York, Jan. 1, to Nov. 3. 
Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rue. Barley. Oats. Peas. 
libls. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. 
’73.2,311,000 47,698,300 24,650,000 3,931,000 1,564,000 3,512,000 362.000 
’77.1,110,000 16,881,000 20,784.000 1,915,000 1,391.000 411,000 323,000 
’76 1,672,115 21,919,300 15.152,703 978,796 29.223 574,000 952.000 
’75.1,622,623 2-2,616,004 11,918,115 159,952 225 117,481 288,030 
’74.1.899,775 33,079,216 17,506,617 584,465 3,320 106,312 321,249 
4. Stock of grain in store at New York. 
Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. Oats. Malt. 
bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. 
Nov. 11,1878..4,539,387 4.179.584 547,226 880.910 1,306,069 18.057 
Oct. 7. 1878. .1,763,708 1,485,016 199.918 200,275 1,216,551 125,761 
Sep. 10.1878..1,162,808 1,113,458 71,886 202,774 697,668 131.841 
Aug. 12,’78..1.126,813 598,736 62,647 203,224 472.366 137.003 
July 11.’78. .1,501,132 720,784 13S.852 174,000 207.769 663.075 
May 7,1878.. 748,196 263,020 75,229 207,576 570.298 258,327 
Apr.15,1878 .1,370,081 541.648 106,375 396.861 857,273 253,424 
Jan. 10,1878..2,586,715 105.909 286.933 913,898 1.087.985 321,474 
Nov. 5,1877.. 981,374 2,643.502 166.910 368,420 1,770,759 328,388 
May 7,1877.. 761,686 468,809 193,016 174.375 317,881 291,654 
•Inn. 8,1877. .3,668,010 3.077,504 341,750 005,615 1.088,101 425,406 
Dec.11, 1876. .3.110.283 3,395.554 218.811 873,310 1,182,322 512.041 
Jan. 10,1876..5,802,293 663,982 100,711 325,191 1.0S0.300 307,438 
5. Tide-water Receipts at Albany, from opening of nav¬ 
igation to Nov. 8.- 
Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. Oats. Malt. 
bbls. bush. bush. bush. bnsb. bnsli. bush. 
’78.. 7.450 20.130.000 19,850,000 1,613.060 912.000 4.332,000 494,000 
’77.. 14,660 9.842,300 20,341,700 1.071.000 2,853,700 3,510.500.554.500 
’76.. 27,806 10,689,700 10,221.706 698,800 1,878.700 2,645,2 0 634.500 
’75.. 97.560 17.114.400 7.920.900 181.400 2.160,700 2,168,600 596,300 
'74. .129,200 21,295.600 17.141,800 263,200 1,693,500 2.795,600 
’73. .128,200 20.192,600 17,195.500 014.560 1.667.660 3,040,206 .... 
’72..104.100 7.801.400 25,484.200 357.360 2,119.000 5.075.300 
'71..233,000 18,184.060 18,124.060 707,260 2,518.000 4.838.200 .... 
’70..356,600 13,918,300 4,384,300 529,900 2,306,800 5,210,900 .... 
Current Wholesale Prices 
Oct. 12. 
Price of gold . 101 1-8 
Flour— Super to Extra Stale t3 40 ® 4 40 
•• Soper to Extra South'll. 3 50 
•• Extra Western. 3 85 
•• Extra Genesee. 3 90 
Superfine Western . 3 40 
Rye Flour, Superfine. 
Corn-.M eal. 
Buckwheat Flour, $ 100 lbs 
2 70 
2 20 
1 60 
00 
@ 8 50 
@ 5 75 
© 3 85 
® 3 40 
2 90 
1 95 
Nov. 13. 
100 1-8 
*3 15 @4 25 
@ 5 75 
@ 8 50 
@ 5 50 
® 3 65 
@ 3 45 
© 2 85 
@ 2 OO 
3 25 
3 70 
3 85 
3 15 
2 90 
2 20 
1 70 
Buckwheat, per bush. 
43%@ 
49 % 
— 
@ 
50 
Wheat— All kinds of Wliite. 
95 @ 1 10% 
98 
© 1 Y& 
All kinds ol Red ami Amber. 
80 © 
1 05>$ 
75 
© 
1 08 
Corn— Tellow. 
4S ® 
65 
47 
® 
03 
Mixed . 
45%@ 
48% 
42 
© 
47 
•• White. 
50 @ 
62 
50 
® 
63 
Oats— Western. 
25%@ 
38% 
28 
® 
40 
' • State. 
27 %@ 
38% 
29 
© 
40 
Rye . 
54 ® 
61 
58 
© 
63 
Barley . 
85 @ 1 35 
'<5 
1 25 
Barley Malt. 
65 © 1 35 
75 
@ 1 30 
Ha y—Bale, 7M00 ws . 
30 ® 
75 
30 
© 
ID 
Straw, 7 166 Rig. 
25 @ 
45 
2U 
@ 
45 
Cotton— Middlings, 30 lb ... 
10%@ 
10 % 
9%@ 
0 % 
Hops— Crop ol 1878. 7 lb. 
8 @ 
15 
8 
@ 
Id 
1877, 7®. 
5 @ 
8 
5 
© 
8 
•• olds, 7 a. 
1 @ 
4 
1 
© 
4 
Ficatbers— Live Cense. lb 
35 © 
45 
35 
© 
DD 
Seed— Clover, West. & St.7a 
7 H® 
8% 
7% 
*• Timothy, 1ft bushel. 
1 15 @ 
1 20 
1 20 
© 
1 25 
” Flax. 7 bushel. 
1 46 @ 
1 50 
1 37 
© 
1 40 
32 @ 
45 ® 
13%@ 
2%@ 
3 %@ 
20 @ 
20 @ 
12 @ 
12 @ 
33 
55 
17 
14 
50 
42 % 
38 
27 
20 
© 
6 
32 
40 
12 %@ 
2 %@ 
20 ® 
20 ® 
12 @ 
12 @ 
33 
50 
m 
14 
50 
43 
38 
27 
20 
Sugar—R efi’g& Grocery,78b 
Molasses. Cuba. 50 test ¥< gal. 
•• New Orleans, new,74 gal 
Copkek— Kio(Gold). 
Tobacco. Kentucky, &c„ ¥ lb. 
■ • Seed Leaf, 1 ft lb. 
Wool—D omestic Fleece, ¥< lb 
• • Domestic, pulled, ifi lb .. 
California, spring clip,.. 
•• California fall clip. 
Tallow, * lb . 
Oil-Cakk— 10 ton . . 
Pork—M ess. barrel .. 
Extra Prime, iO barrel. 
Beef—E xtra mess.10 06 
Lard, in tres. & bills, 70 100 lb 
Butter—S tate, if< lb. 
■ • Western.poor to Fey. lb. 
Cheese.. . .. ■ 
Eggs—F resh, 71 dozen. 
Ventson. is lb. 
Hares, p pair. 
Rabbits, 73 pair. 
Poultry—F owls, 73 lb. 
•• Chickens. 73 lb. 
" Penn., 71 lb. 
” Roosters, 7* lb. 
Turkeys —'71 lb. 
Geese, 73 pair. . 
Ducks, 74 pair. 
Pigeons, wild, 74 doz. 1 50 
Grouse, 74 pair.... 
Partridge, 73 pair 
Snipe, per doz.... 
Woodcock, 73 pair 
Reed Birds, per doz. 1 00 
Ducks, Wild, 74 pair. 
Quail, 73 dozen. 
Chestnuts— 74 bush. 
Hickory Nuts— 7* bush _ 
Apples, 73 barrel.. 
Crab, 74 bb). 
Pears, 74 bbl. 
•• California, 74 box ... 
Grapes, 74 lb. 
•• California, 40-lb box.. 
Quinces, @ bbl. 
Cranberries— 7* bbl. 4 50 
Peanuts, domestic, 7< bush.. 1 40 
Beans— 73 bushel. 1 40 
Peas—C anada, In bond, 74 bn 
Pota toes. 73 bbl. 
Sweet. 73 bbl. 100 
Beets, 73 100 bunches. 
Turnips 71 bbl. 
Broom-corn. 
Squash. 7 bbl. .. 
Oab.sagks— 7 100_ 
Onions— 7 bbl. 
Celery, per dozen.. 
Cauliflower, 7 bbl. 
100M on Sept. 12 ; 100X on Aug. 12; 100% on July 13 ; 100% 
on June 13; 100J on May 13; 100*4 on April 17 ; 10214 on 
Jan. 12; 103 on Dec. 12; 102% on Nov. 12_Business in 
Breadsluffs lias been on a restricted scale; values have 
fluctuated considerably, leaving oft’lower, and more or less 
irregular. The export inquiry lias been fair, especially 
for Winter Wheat, and for suitable grades of Flour, the 
latter chiefly for the English, West India, and South 
American Markets, and the Wheat largely for the Con¬ 
tinent; but this demand fell off toward the close, influ¬ 
enced in part by the unfavorable tenor of the later cable 
advices. Spring Wheat has not been in much request, 
and the bulk of the business in this class has been in the 
grade of No. 3. Speculat ion lias been rather less animated 
in Wheat and Corn. ...Cotton has been further depressed 
in price, on free offerings, and a moderate call for sup¬ 
plies, outside of the speculative interest, which has been 
fairly active_Provisions have been quoted variable in 
prise; on hog products again much lower, leaving oft’ 
weak; on Beef, firmer; and Butter, of strictly prime to 
fancy quality, higher, witii a moderate movement re¬ 
ported ..Seeds have been more sought after, but aS 
reduced figures for most kinds_Tobacco has been of 
readier sale; and Hops have attracted more attention, 
while Hay and Straw have been in request at former 
quotations... .Wool has been about steady, but not in 
urgent demand; and holders have quite promptly met all 
requirements of purchasers at the ruling figures. 
\cw York Ijive-Sioclf Markels. 
Beeves.—Tiie market opened heavy and prices fell 
oft'until the arrivals became more nearly in a ratio with 
the demand. With lessened receipts, a gain of %c. $ St 
on the average, and % to %c. <p lb on low grade stock, 
was made. This gain was soon turned to loss, the aver- 
6 %@ 7% 
G%@ 6% 
29 00 
©so 00 
27 50 
@28 00 
8 80 
@ 9 75 
7 45 
@ 7 90 
— 
@ 9 25 
— 
© - 
10 66 
@11 00 
10 50 
@11 OO 
6 60 
© 7 05 
6 15 
@ 6 60 
10 
© 26 
12 
@ 28 
7 
© 25 
7 
© 27 
4 
® 9& 
3%@ 9% 
20 
@ 23 
24 
@ 28 
— 
@ - 
8 
© 15 
— 
@ — 
35 
© 40 
— 
© - 
30 
© 35 
10 
© 15 
8 
@ 13 
10 
@ 18 
8 
@ 14 
16 
© 18 
12 
@ 14 
5 
® 8 
4 
© 8 
9 
© 14 
8 
® 13 
100 
© 1 75 
1 00 
© 1 50 
45 
© 1 00 
45 
@ 90 
1 50 
© 2 00 
175 
@ 2 0(1 
80 
@ 1 00 
65 
@ 90 
50 
@ 85 
50 
@ 90 
1 25 
© 1 75 
75 
@ 1 00 
45 
@ 60 
35 
@ 60 
1 on 
@ 1 25 
100 
© - 
35 
© 'Id 
20 
@ 1 50 
— 
@ — 
1 25 
Ca 1 50 
© 5 50 
3 50 
@ 4 50 
1 75 
® 2 50 
2 00 
© 2 50 
75 
© 1 75 
62 
© 2 OO 
3 50 
@ 8 00 
— 
@ — 
2 00 
@12 00 
5 00 
@10 00 
— 
© - 
3 06 
@ 4 50 
4 
@ 12 
6 
® 10 
3 50 
© s 00 
5 00 
@10 00 
3 00 
@ 7 00 
2 00 
@10 00 
4 50 
@ 7 00 
5 00 
© 7 00 
1 40 
@ 1 50 
110 
@ 1 30 
1 40 
@ 2 25 
1 50 
@ 2 10 
78 
© 80 
70 
@ 72 
1 75 
@ 2 15 
1 75 
@ 3 00 
1 00 
© 175 
1 ou 
@ 1 50 
ID 
@ 100 
— 
@ 75 
1 00 
@ 1 25 
75 
© — 
4 
@ 7 
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@ 6> 
1 00 
@ 175 
1 25 
@ 2 00 
2 25 
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as ag 
aiust 101*4 011 
O 
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