August 5,1871.] 
THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. 
103 
stance in such quantity that several lumps were 
quite insoluble in alcohol. 
The physical properties of Eucalyptus kino nearly 
agree with those of ordinary kino; it forms dark 
red, more or less transparent grains; in thin frag¬ 
ments, under the microscope, quite transparent and 
amorphous. They sink in cold water. Its specific 
gravity is 1110, after complete expulsion of the air 
1110. Water dissolves it more or less readily to a 
red, yellowish or brownish liquid of astringent 
taste. Shaken with water, all samples gave a 
frothy solution. 
The separate samples gave the following charac¬ 
teristic reactions, viz. kino from— 
1. Eucalyptus corymbosa, Sm. Of all samples 
most readily soluble in water. Solution deep blood- 
red ; smells distinctly like Bordeaux wine, slightly 
acid, turbid on cooling, free from gum-resin. Bright 
shining surface of fresh fraction of lumps. Colour 
deep red.—Blood wood gum. Victoria and New 
South Wales. 
2. E. globulus, Labill. Beadily soluble in water. 
Solution pale reddish-yellow, slightly acid, very 
turbid on cooling; on heating becomes clear again. 
No gum-resin ; crumbling masses of light brownisli- 
red colour. 
3. E. rostratus, Sclileclit. = E. rostrata, Cav. = 
E. robusta, Sm. Easily soluble in water and alco¬ 
hol ; solution neutral, free from gum-resin. Broken 
masses of a zircon red, sometimes light brown, mixed 
with bits of bark. This and several other samples 
are named red gum. 
4. E. leukoxylon, F. Mueller. Same reaction as 
E. globulus. Large black-red lumps, with fibrous 
impurities. 
5. E. corynocalyx , F. Mueller. Slowly but com¬ 
pletely soluble in water ; solution slightly acid, 
yellow red, on cooling turbid, no gum-resin. Broken 
reddish-brown lumps, fatty lustre, mixed with par¬ 
ticles of bark. 
0. E. citriodora, Hook. Easily soluble in water; 
solution faintly acid, smells like Bordeaux wine, 
yellow colour, turbid on cooling. Porous lumps with 
greenish lustre, like Socotrine aloes, mixed with bark. 
Queensland. 
7. E. maculata , Hook. Exactly like the last. 
New South Wales. Goes by the name of spotted 
gum. 
8. E. calophylla, B. Br. Beadily soluble in water; 
solution yellow, slightly acid, becomes turbid on 
cooling, free from gum-resin. Irregular grains, 
light brown or red. 
i). E. amygdalina, Labill. Easily soluble in 
water; solution neutral, onion-red, turbid on cool¬ 
ing. Black particles, and only in very thin frag¬ 
ments, zircon-red in transmitted light, fatty lustre, 
very tough, rich in fibrous bark. 
10. E. piperita, Sm. Easily soluble in water; 
solution yellowish-red, neutral, free from gum-resin. 
No turbidity on cooling. Dense pieces of zircon-red, 
translucent. 
11. E. pilul-aris, Sm. Beadily soluble in water; 
red solution, faintly acid, turbid on cooling, traces of 
gum-resin. Pieces, opaque, earthy, or with slight 
fatty lustre, dark reddish-brown. Known as Black’s 
bottle gum. 
1*2. E. fabiorum, Sclileclit. Not readily soluble 
in water ; solution yellowish, faintly acid, turbid on 
cooling, contains gum-resin. Particles, dark black- 
red, slightly transparent, shiny fracture. 
13. E.Jissilis, Muell. Beddish solution, neutral, 
remaining clear on cooling, trace of gum-resin. 
Tough drops, blackish-red, zircon-red, translucent, 
fatty lustre on fracture. 
14. E. gigantea, Hook. Little soluble in water; 
solution brownish, neutral, no turbidity, rich in 
gum-resin. Tough, drop-like pieces, of a zircon- 
red. 
15. E. viminalis, Labill. Only partly soluble in 
water, with liglit-brown colour, contains a little gum- 
resin. Brittle, like kino. 
10. E. obliqua, L’Her. Taken as identical with 
E. gigantea. Completely soluble in water, with deep 
red colour, neutral, no turbidity, free from gum-resin. 
Looks like kino. 
These samples show a pretty uniform reaction; 
they all give with sulphuric acid a pale red, floccu- 
lent precipitate; the aqueous solution always gave 
with percliloride of iron a dirty green precipitate, 
with the exception of E. obliqua, which gave a dark 
violet coloration. The precipitate is, of course, 
owing to kino tannic acid ; and the one exception is 
explained by the above-named characteristics of this 
acid. 
The solutions of the different samples give, on 
addition, first of muriatic acid and then of ammonia, 
precipitates of different colours. No. 14 gives a 
yellowisli-red precipitate, which, on exposure to air, 
becomes of a rusty red. No. 16, dark violet precipi¬ 
tate. The precipitate with No. 15 blackens in the 
air. Ammonia added to the original solution pro¬ 
duces no effect, except a deeper coloration; chloride 
of ammonium is indifferent. 
There are many statements in literature as to the 
origin of this substance. Eucalyptus resinifera, Sm., 
is generally said to be the plant from which it is 
taken, but it was exactly the drug obtained from this 
plant which led Fluckiger to the belief that it was 
merely a coloured gum. The author obtained from 
Dr. Moore, Director of the Botanical Gardens at 
Sydney, a sample of gum from the Paris Exhibi¬ 
tion, section New South Wales, which was taken 
from E. resinifera. It was found to be a genuine 
gum-resin, and the author has reason to assume that 
this gum-resin, which voluntarily oozes out from the 
tree, is a product of E. resinifera, together with the 
Eucalyptus kino. Bentham and Mueller give two 
different gums from the same tree, viz. a grey gum, 
very likely the true gum-resin, and a “ red gum,” 
which, no doubt, is a species of kino. 
Many of the above-named botanical species have 
hitherto not been known to yield any gum. 
Nothing is known about the preparation of the 
substance, but the presence of bits of bark lead to the 
idea that it has been obtained from the bark. The 
look of the Eucalyptus kino, the similarity with or¬ 
dinary kino and the presence of pyrocatecliine in 
several samples, point to the conclusion that it 
is an extract from the bark obtained by artificial 
drying. 
The Eucalyptus kino, like catechu or ordinary 
kino, is applicable for tanning and dyeing. Accord¬ 
ing to Messrs. J. llosisto and Co., of Melbourne, 
large quantities may be obtained. The value of the 
samples varies very much, the best are from E. co¬ 
rymbosa, E. rostrata and E. citriodora; the least 
valuable from E. fabiorum, E. gigantea and E. vi¬ 
minalis.— Zeitschr. d. allg. Oest. Apotlielcer- Vereines. 
