September 9,1871.] THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. 
203 
Medicamentorum Simplicitim et Compositorum tra- 
duntur, quod vulgus “ Tarifum ” apellitat,’ which is 
undoubtedly the oldest printed tariff or price-list. 
A copy ot the work dated 1651 is also in exist¬ 
ence ; at the end of it is written “ expliciti sunt trac- 
tatus tres in quibus tradere epitome o’ium antidotorum 
usualium et tractatus synonymorum promisimus. 
Caesar-Auguste per Stephan. G. de Nogera ad laudem 
individual Trinitatis et Virginia intactae; qui nos¬ 
tras agut causas pridie Kalendas Junii anno 1553.” 
Before the preface is written “Divisio libri,” into 
the three parts, and then “ Carmina in laudem 
operis et tractatus de po’deribus et mensuris, quibus 
pliarmacopei et medici utuntur.” The continuation 
consists of verses on simple remedies and their selec¬ 
tion, and then four lines of original poetry; the 
manuscript of the copy is on ninety-two sheets 
demy. 
In 1552 Liliz Callado published his * Index Far- 
macopcearum, quae in usu sunt apud Nostras 
Pharmacopoeas,’ and in 1586 Simon Todar’s ‘ Nova 
Metliodus Compositorum Medicaminum ’ appeared, 
as also in 1587 his ‘ Hispalensium Pharmacopoliorum 
Hecognitionem,’ at which Francisco Sanchez de 
Orepesa assisted him. 
The first twenty years of the seventeenth century 
were of great importance to Spanish pharmacy, inas¬ 
much as Pliilip II. issued several laws concerning 
the examination of pharmacists (Pragmatica, No¬ 
vember, 1817). 
These laws made it prohibitory for physicians 
and cliirurgeons to dispense; medicines had to be 
made up under heavy penalties by none but phar¬ 
macists by examination. In 1650, under Pliilip IV., 
the exercise of pharmacy was declared a profes¬ 
sion and scientific art, quite on a par with me¬ 
dicine. Pharmacists of that time were not per¬ 
mitted to carry on any business which might inter¬ 
fere with or distract their attention from the proper 
exercise of their profession. The first tariff legally 
enforced throughout the whole kingdom was pub¬ 
lished about this time. A record of all laws referring 
to pharmacy, especially those treating of the exa¬ 
mination and of the education of pharmacists will 
be found in Gonzalo Samano’s ‘ Medicina Espa- 
iiola.’ 
A more complete Pharmacopoeia was published in 
1601 by the Colegio Farmaceutico in Valencia, 
under the title ‘ Olficinam Medicamentorum et Me- 
thodum recte eadem componendi; cum variis 
Scholiis et Aliis quam plurimis, ipsi operi neces- 
sariis, ex sententia Pharmacopolarum Valentiorum. 
Valencia por Juan Crisostomo Garriz, 1601, in 2°.’ 
A second edition was published in 1698 by the same 
College, and also in the same year at Zaragoza 
with additions, the last under the name of ‘ Officina 
Medicamentorum et Metliodus recte eadem compo¬ 
nendi, cum variis Scholiis et Aliis quam Plurimis 
ipsi operi necessariis; et sententia Valentinorum 
Pharmacopolarum, auctore eorundem Collegio, prse- 
fectis Collegii Antonio Joanne Insa et Joanne 
Baptista Catarroja, hinc et examinatoribus Gulielmo 
Salvador Borras et Francisco Joanne Molina, scriba 
artis Roclio Linyerola. Segundo tomo: La Far- 
maceutica de Francisco Velez de Arciniega. Tercer 
Tomo : examen de Boticarios, por el P. Fr. Estaban 
de Villa. A "an anadidos los Tarifas del Reino de 
Aragon y Ciudad de Zaragoza; y se dedica a los 
Snrs. Illnios. Diputados del lleino de Aragon, Zara¬ 
goza, por Gaspar Tomas Martinez, 1693, in 2°.’ 
. ’-Th 0 professors of pharmacy and chemistry in con- 
junction with the Colegio of pharmacists at Madrid 
published in 1/39 the 6 Hiarmacopeia M&tritensis 
Bogii ac Supiemi Hispaniarum Proto-Meclicatus, 
auctoiitate, jussu atque auspiciis nunc primum 
elaborata.’ It is dedicated to Don Jose Cervi, 
whose likeness is on the frontispiece. A new edition 
was published in 1762. 
For many years Spain had ten universities where 
medical pharmacy had been taught—Barcelona, 
Granada, Madrid, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Se¬ 
villa, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza. In 1859 
there were faculties of special pharmacy at Barcelona, 
Granada, Madrid and Santiago with 5 professors 
and 544 students, 390 of whom were at Madrid. 
There are also twelve places, mostly universities, 
institutes, observatories, etc., where meteorological 
observations are regularly taken, viz. Alicante, 
Barcelona, Bilbao, Granada, Madrid, Oviedo, Sala¬ 
manca, Santiago, Sevilla, Valencia, Monte de Villa- 
viciosa de Odoro ('with special school for engineers) 
and Zaragoza. 
It was stated before that Spain was remarkably 
rich in mineral springs, and we need not be sur¬ 
prised to find the * Anuario Estadistico ’ of 1860 to 
register 98 baths and springs. The best book on 
this subject is the ‘ Tratado Completo de las Fuentes 
Minerales de Espana,’ by Pedro Maria Rubio, Ma¬ 
drid, 1853. 
Spain undoubtedly possesses the greatest number 
of benevolent institutions, and among the many a 
special one for pharmacists was early established. 
In the year 1780 the Council of Castille sanctioned 
the erection of an institution for the support of 
widows and orphans of physicians and pharmacists. 
It is interesting to notice that the tlieriac formerly 
was publicly prepared, and a dispute on the prepara¬ 
tion resulted in the compilation of a remarkable 
work, edited by the pharmacists of Madrid and en¬ 
titled ‘ Explicacion de las Virtudes y Metodo de 
Usar la Triaca magna Matritense, elaborada por la 
Descripcion de Andromaco el viejo.’ Con privilegio 
del Rey nr. 1 en presencia del real Protomedico por 
el Colegio de los Boticarios de Madrid en la Oficina 
de los Snras. Desclazas reales,’ sine loco et anno. 
This singular book contains the history of the nos¬ 
trum, its action and its internal and external appli¬ 
cation. 
The Spanish pharmacists have among them many 
writers of high repute. In 1866 there existed eight 
pharmaceutical journals, and in October of the same 
year the Colegio de Farmaceuticos de Madrid met, 
to agree upon the rules of the Congresso Farma¬ 
ceutico Espanol. 
The practice of homoeopathy is sanctioned by royal 
decree: the system met there, as everywhere, with 
great opposition, especially the equality in the facul¬ 
ties, but it now seems to be pretty firmly established, 
—chiefly, perhaps, because it formerly was in favour 
at the Court. 
In the middle of 1869 a Junta met at Madrid to 
organize an Asamblea Medico-Farmaceutica. The 
subjects to be discussed were pharmaceutical in¬ 
struction, benevolent institutions, sanitary matters 
on sea and land, mineral springs, forensic medicines 
and pharmacy and medical responsibility. In the 
province of Cadiz alone over 100 members joined. 
In August, 1869, the Colegio de Farmaceuticos 
celebrated their 132nd anniversary. After the 
Elegio Historico the following subjects were dis- 
