292 
THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. 
[October 7,1871. 
CHEMISTRY. 
Time allowed: One Hour. Standard Number of 
Marks, 50. 
1. Why are hydrogen and chlorine called chemical 
elements ? What are the combining proportions by 
weight and by volume of these elements in hydrochloric 
acid gas F 
2. How would you ascertain wdiethcr a specimen of 
an acid consisted of nitric or sulphuric acid ? 
3. Give a process for converting mercury into the 
mercurous and mercuric chlorides. 
BOTANY. 
Time allowed: One Hour. Standard Number of 
Marks, 50. 
1. Explain the characters which distinguish Endogcns 
from Exogens , and give examples of each. 
2. Describe the structure and functions of a leaf. 
3. Explain the meaning of the terms ovule, fruit and 
seed. 
4. What is a rhizome, a tuber and a bulb ? 
MATERIA MEDICA. 
lime allowei: One Hour. Standard Number of 
Marks, 50. 
1. What are the principal bitter tonics used in medi¬ 
cine F Give, in each case, the name and Order of the 
plant. 
2. "What drugs are imported from the West Indian 
islands F 
3. From what plants and what countries are the fol¬ 
lowing obtained,—rhubarb, cinnamon, senega, orris root, 
matico and kamala F 
4. What is the drug called Podojoligllin ? and how 
made F 
The _ President then said : Having distributed 
the prizes and certificates, I cannot deny myself 
the gratification of saying a few words of "con¬ 
gratulation and encouragement to the successful 
candidates collectively. Upon many previous occa¬ 
sions, with the exception of last year, it had been 
the custom to address a few words to each candidate, 
hut I consider the plan adopted by Mr. Sandford 
preferable. Time is saved, which is important, now 
that we have an annual address, and the necessity 
ot repeating similar words of approbation is avoided. 
My words will be few, but they will be earnest, 
lieart-felt expressions of approval and encourage¬ 
ment. Most sincerely do I congratulate, not only 
you who have obtained the highest honours, but also 
you who have deservedly received certificates. All who 
run in a race cannot win, but they who have striven 
to the best of their abilities also merit praise and 
encouragement. Continue as you have commenced ; 
still go on perse veringly, and you will carry joy, not 
only to the hearts of those who take the greatest in¬ 
terest in your well-doing, but you will win smiles of 
approbation from those in whom you take an inter¬ 
est. And let me say further, that during my short 
tenure of the presiuential chair I have had no pleasure 
in connection therewith in any way commensurate with 
that which I have felt in distributing the prizes to- 
night. Although not a pupil in the ordinary sense 
of the word, I am still a pupil, and expect to be one 
unto the end; therefore, I take particular interest 
in all that concerns the young, and feel gratified by 
their success. Once more I say, remember that for 
the young there should be no such word as fail. Go 
-on and prosper, and my best washes go with you. 
The following Inaugural Address wus then deli¬ 
vered by Mr. John Mackay :— 
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen, 
Three years ago a new r feature was introduced in 
connection with the opening of the winter session in 
this school, so long and so successfully carried on, 
by the delivery of a few words of encouragement and 
advice to the voung men about to commence their 
studies in pharmacy, chemistry and botany. Let 
me remark how singularly happy the idea wus to in¬ 
vite the company of ladies on such an occasion, and 
how much the pleasure of all is enhanced by the 
presence of those fair friends who so kindly honour 
us by being now present. The plan thus inaugu¬ 
rated, after fair and repeated trials, has been pro¬ 
nounced a success. Nor can this be wondered at, 
for what is more pleasing to the youth about to 
buckle on his armour, than to hear and to know that 
many, whose names must indeed be familiar as 
household w T ords, meet together, and by their pre¬ 
sence on such an occasion prove that they still 
possess the deepest interest in the educational ad¬ 
vancement and mental improvement of those who 
desire to make pharmacy their daily work and 
profession ? 
In connection vfith this movement, three gentle¬ 
men have already had the pleasure of addressing 
the pupils on similar occasions to the present; and 
I know there are many now hearing me w r lio can 
.testify to the ability and care with which they have 
so admirably fulfilled the trust committed to them. 
Now it is this very fact which places me so awk¬ 
wardly. I do not intend to analyse or characterize 
the nature or conclusions of the addresses which 
have preceded this one ; but I feel constrained under 
the circumstances, and specially referring to these 
productions of the past, to say for myself, how ex¬ 
tremely difficult I find it to follow those who have 
on former occasions so ably taken their place at this 
desk. I feel conscious that it is not an easv thing 
to stand on the same platform with the educated and 
scientific gentleman, from whose lips I heard, three 
years ago, a paper from the very appropriate motto 
“ Thorough.” Or, again, I would with all serious¬ 
ness ask, is it not .enough to make the boldest man 
falter v/lien requested to follow in the wake of the 
eloquent, sensible and practical remarks of our vene¬ 
rable and venerated fellow-worker, Henry Deane ? 
i while it might appear an equally vain thing to imi- 
tate the poetic style of such an address as some of 
us heard a year ago within the walls of tliis very 
house. And yet, with all this, the feeling steals 
over me that, many years ago, obedience was so 
strongly inculcated that, wiien called upon by the 
Council of your Society to make my appearance be¬ 
fore } r ou this evening, I felt that it w r as my duty to 
come and undertake the task, with the strong im¬ 
pression, that the honour conferred by the invitation 
w r as not a slight one, and that, viiile I might fail to 
express in such graceful language or impart to what 
I might say the brightness and happiness which, 
like a golden thread, did so much to clothe, connect 
and enliven the brilliancy of the papers of those who 
had already addressed you, I could, at all events, as 
plainly, faithfully and sincerely wish the young 
students now before me God speed in their pursuits, 
and a successful and prosperous termination to their 
studies. 
I honestly pity the man, be his age what it may, 
