November 18,1871.] THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. 
413 
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EXAMINATIONS IN LONDON. 
November loth, 1871. 
Present—Messrs. Allehin, Barnes, Bird, Carteighe, 
Cracknell, Davenport,‘Edwards, Gale, Garle, Haselden, 
Ince, Linford and Southall. 
MAJOR EXAMINATION. 
Three candidates were examined ; one failed, the fol¬ 
lowing- tivo passed, and were declared duly qualified to 
be registered as 
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTS. 
*Hughes, James.Swansea. 
Peters, David .Llandilo. 
MINOR EXAMINATION. 
Thirty-two candidates presented themselves; ten 
failed, the following twenty-two passed, and were de¬ 
clared duly qualified to he registered as 
CHEMISTS AND DRUGGISTS. 
*Hanbury, Frederick Janson . .London. 
*Druce, George Claridge.Northampton. 
*Hyne, Harry .Bristol. 
•« j *Breckon, Hugh Scott.Whitby. 
w i *Woolldridge, George.Birmingham. 
Herbert, John.Kingston-on-Thames. 
Hooper, William.Croydon. 
Ormond, Richard.Pembroke. 
Salter, Thomas.Bradninch. 
Hicks, William Thomas.Ipswich. 
Laugher, William .West Bromwich. 
Mason, Jonathan.. .Workington. 
Bright, John Valentine .Bath. 
Warner, George Henry Quibell March. 
Jessop, John Arthur .Willenhall. 
Squirrell, John Newton.Manchester. 
Jones, Owen.Llangefni. 
Squire, Thomas . ^.Great Torrington. 
Davison, John.West Hartlepool. 
Bennett, John Henry.Cheltenham. 
Walsh, Albert.Richmond. 
Greasley, John...Borrowash. 
The above names are arranged in order of merit. 
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION. 
Certificates were received from the undermentioned in 
lieu of this Examination:— 
Luff, Arthur Pearson.Old Brompton. 
(Certificate of College of Preceptors.) 
Trubshaw, Charles .Dudley. 
(Certificate of the University of Cambridge.) 
fnrlrotM frattSiwtiow. 
LIVERPOOL CHEMISTS’ ASSOCIATION. * 
The Second General Meeting of this Society was held 
on October 26th; the President Mr. E. Davies, F.C.S., 
in the chair. 
Messrs. John Sumner, Frederick Pott and Henry 
Huslcisson de Witte were elected members, and Mr. 
James Walmsley Hargreaves was elected Associate of 
the Association. 
The following donations were announced:—current 
* Passed with honours. 
numbers of the Pharmaceutical Journal, the New York 
Druggists’ Circular, the Journal of the Polytechnic So¬ 
ciety, and a Reprint of Notes on Pharmaceutical Pre¬ 
parations, by Mr. J. Abraham. 
Mr. Thomas Williams read a paper “Upon the 
Manufacture of Alum and its Applications.” 
The President mentioned the recent formation of 
coniine artificially, as a remarkable fact, as it was the 
first vegetable alkaloid which had been so formed. He 
now entertained more hope that quinine and morphine 
might be so produced than he did formerly. 
Mr. A. E. Tanner said he had always been of the 
opinion that all the alkaloids would at some future day 
be artificially produced, and thought that the President 
had placed too great a limit on the future of chemistry. 
Mr. Tanner also referring to the subject of the paper 
which had been read, observed that all samples of alum 
contained some iron, and instanced the change of colour 
produced on adding this salt to infusion of roses; an 
annoyance most pharmacists had experienced. 
Mr. Williams explained that pure alum would not 
certainly affect the colour of the infusion. 
A vote of thanks to Mr. Williams for his interesting- 
paper was proposed and carried unanimously. 
HULL CHEMISTS’ ASSOCIATION. 
At the opening of the Session of the School of Phar¬ 
macy in connection with the Hull Chemists’ Association, 
on the 26th October, the President, Mr. A. Pickering, 
delivered the following address to the students:—• 
Gentlemen,—In commencing the duties of my office as 
President of the Hull Chemists’ Association, to which I 
have so recently been elected, I think I cannot do better 
than address a few words of encouragement to the young- 
students I see before me, at the opening of another 
Session of its School of Pharmacy. 
It is now between thirty and forty years since I first 
entered the trade, and I rejoice to tell you that pharmacy 
has made considerable progress during that time. Many 
new and valuable remedies have been added to the Phar¬ 
macopoeia, and w r ill for ever retain a place there; the 
morphias and other preparations of opium, quinine and 
the other preparations of bark; many new preparations of 
mercury, chloroform, .chloral, methylic ether, carbolic 
acid, cod-liver oil and many others too numerous to men¬ 
tion, but all of them invaluable in the hands of the medical 
practitioner for the alleviation of human suffering. This- 
list appears likely to be largely increased every year, 
from the increasing study of the active principles of 
plants and the state of combination in which they exist 
in them. 
Chemistry, too, is busy forming new compounds not 
found in nature, and in ransacking and reducing the 
mineral kingdom for the service of man. Chemistry has- 
made gigantic strides during the last thirty years. Look 
at the beautiful art of photography with its long list of 
chemical preparations ; see how the oils and fats have 
been utilized in tfie forms of soap and candles ; how the 
bowels of the earth have been made to yield their petro¬ 
leum and paraffin; how coprolites and bones and the- 
sewage of large towns are all, by the magic wand of che¬ 
mistry, transformed into manures invaluable to the agri¬ 
culturist. Look at aniline and the other new preparations 
used in dyeing; at those wonderful flavouring essences 
so cunningly formed as to give to liquors and sweets the 
flavour of the raspberry, strawberry, pine-apple and every 
description of fruit. What valuable new disinfecting 
agents are now prepared for destroying malaria, conta¬ 
gion and arresting the progress of epidemics; for deodo¬ 
rizing the refuse of towns and rendering them more 
healthful! It is my own opinion that there is not a 
disease for which Divine Providence has not provided a 
remedy, and which will certainly be discovered. if we 
diligently search for it; that there is not anything in 
