December 9,1871.] THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. 
475 
CHEMISTS AND DRUGGISTS. 
Graham, John .Dumfries. 
13ryden, John .Edinburgh. 
The above names are arranged in order of merit. 
MODIFIED EXAMINATION. 
Three candidates presented themselves; two failed, 
the following passed, and was declared to he duly quali¬ 
fied as a 
CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST. 
McAdam, Robert .Glasgow. 
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION. 
A certificate was received from the undermentioned in 
lieu of the Society’s Examination. 
McNaught, Andrew .Belfast. 
(Certificate of the University of Edinburgh.) 
PHARMACEUTICAL MEETING. 
Wednesday , December Q>th , 1871. 
HR. A. F. IIASELDEN, F.L.S., PRESIDENT, IN THE CHAIR. 
The following Donations to the Library and Mu¬ 
seum were announced, and the thanks of the Society 
were voted to the donors:— 
Catalogue of Scientific Papers (1800-1863), Yol. Y.: 
from the Royal Society,—Life and Works of Cavendish: 
from Professor Redwood,—New Remedies ; a Quarterly 
Retrospect of Therapeutics, etc.: from Messrs. W. Wood 
•and Co., New York,—Fine crystallized specimens of 
-Cyanide of Potassium and Permanganate of Potassium : 
.presented by Messrs. Hopkin and Williams,—Bark of 
Cinchona calisaya grown in Java, and infected by Myce¬ 
lium ; five specimens of C. officinalis bark, from different 
localities ; Roots of C. succirubra and C. officinalis , grown 
in India; Section of a Stem of C. officinalis grown in 
India; Section of a Stem of C. succirubra , grown in 
South America (the whole of the specimens being in 
illustration of -Mr. Howard’s paper read at the last 
meeting) : presented by Mr. J. E. Howard, F.L.S.,— 
Bark of llhamnus Frangula , the Black Alder of Northern 
Europe: presented by Mr. H. C. Baildon,—a sample of 
.Zanzibar Aloes: presented by Mr. F. J. Hanbury,— 
Bark of the Cundurango , or Eagle Vine: presented by 
Mr. Rowland Cox,—sample of very fine Asbestos: pre¬ 
sented by Mr. Slipper,— German Herb Knife for coarse 
•comminution : presented by Mr. E. T. Agnew. 
Dr. Tilden exhibited to the meeting a cabinet for 
holding labels on the dispensing-counter, which had 
been invented by Mr. Shephard, Pharmaceutical Che¬ 
mist, of All Saints’ Road, Westbourne Park, a former 
student in the institution. He said it was well known 
that labels often got into a dreadful state of confusion. 
The principle of the cabinet in question was very simple. 
Each compartment was fixed on a pivot, and when pulled 
forward the front part of the case came down and ex¬ 
posed the labels, so that they could be easily removed. 
When a label had been taken out the door would fall 
back, in consequence of being weighted at the back. 
The arrangement was in fact self-acting, and it ap¬ 
peared to him (Dr. Tilden) a very capital one. The cabi¬ 
net before the meeting was only a model. 
Mr. Allciiin asked whether the cabinet would be 
applicable to the general labels used by chemists and 
•druggists ? 
Dr. Tilden considered that it would be applicable to 
any labels, and even to slips of papers for powders. 
Mr. Hills said that he should think it was a very 
useful arrangement. It was quite new to him, and he 
thought it might be turned to account in its present 
form, or perhaps some further improvements could be 
made in it. 
Mr. Bland asked whether the cabinet was intended 
to stand in a vertical position ? It seemed to him that 
if it was, that would be a very serious objection, as there 
were three or four hundred different kinds of labels in 
use, and the cabinet would occupy an inconvenient 
amoimt of space. 
Dr. Tilden said that even the small model before the 
meeting would hold a very large number of labels. 
Professor Attfield considered that the position of 
the cabinet would be an advantage rather than other¬ 
wise, as in most shops there was some amount of ver¬ 
tical unoccupied space at the backs of doors, show¬ 
cases and elsewhere. 
The President then invited a discussion on the paper 
by Mr. Greenish, on “ Pharmacy in North Germany,” 
read at the last meeting. 
Professor Attfield said he should like to ask Mr. 
Greenish whether, in the course of his visit, he noticed 
any general organization throughout Germany for the 
representation of pharmacy? The chemistry of Ger¬ 
many w r as unquestionable. They had taken a very lead¬ 
ing position in that country in matters relating to pure 
chemistry, and also to the application of chemistry to 
the arts generally, but he was unaware whether there 
was anything which corresponded to the Pharmaceu¬ 
tical Society here in Great Britain, or to the Pharma¬ 
ceutical Conference which met once a year in the pro¬ 
vinces. 
Mr. Greenish replied that he thought he might say 
positively that there was nothing of that kind in North 
Germany, but he believed that now that Prussia had 
absorbed the minor States, and there was to be one 
German Pharmacopoeia, it was probable there would bo 
more union among the pharmacists of North Germany. 
There was a Pharmaceutical Society at Berlin, but com¬ 
paratively few chemists belonged to it, and its meetings 
were more for trade purposes than for scientific purposes. 
Mr. Walter Hills said that during a visit of a few 
weeks to Germany he attended several lectures on che¬ 
mistry by Professor Hofmann, and he was surprised to 
find so' great a number of students present. The theatre 
was intended for 220 persons, and there were present, 
generally speaking, about 250, 30 of whom w r ere stand¬ 
ing. Among other novelties there were two ladies, one 
of whom was a Russian apothecary. The laboratory 
also was quite full, and he believed that in order to 
obtain a bench it was necessary to bespeak it before 
the commencement of the session. Professor Hof¬ 
mann told him that he had 90 working students in 
the laboratory at Berlin. As regarded anything ap¬ 
proaching to a Pharmaceutical Society in Berlin he 
believed, as Mr. Greenish had said, that the meetings of 
that Association were more for trade than scientific, 
purposes. He could speak very highly of the lectures 
which were delivered in Berlin. They lasted for an 
horn’ and a half, commencing about half-past nine in 
the morning. In reply to a question, Mr. Walter Hills 
stated that the lectures were for general chemical 
students and not for pharmaceutical students only. The 
lectures were paid for, but strangers were admitted to 
single lectures as a privilege. 
The President said there w r ere several points in Mr. 
Greenish’s paper which would furnish material for 
another very long paper. Among these were the fly- 
labels ; no competition in Germany; the fixed price to 
rich and poor; the difficulty of getting apprentices and 
assistants; the necessity of every apprentice having 
passed a preliminary examination before he entered the 
trade of chemist and druggist; and the very honourable 
light in which the Germans held the Pharmaceutical 
Society. Those were a few points, but there were many 
more which might very well be extended into another good 
paper in the hands of some contributor. He should like 
to see such a production in the columns of the Journal. 
The President then called upon Professor Redwood 
to read a paper on “ The Substitution of Proportional or 
