5S2 
THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. . 
[January 20, 1872. 
above all lead a pious, sober and modest life; act 
honestly, peaceably and kindly towards everybody, 
and not be envious of each other; in then* vocation 
they shall always be trustworthy and diligent, col¬ 
lect all simplicia , of good quality, unadulterated and 
at the right season, keep the same well and in 
proper vessels. For the “ composita” they shall 
take good, select pieces, prepare all medicamenta et 
chymica according to the dispensatorium, and keep the 
same well; they shall charge all medicaments or¬ 
dered by prescription according to the tariff, not 
more nor less, under a fine of twenty-five thalers for 
every single contravention, nor shall they ever take 
one ingredient instead of another. 
Venena, or poisonous or dangerous drugs, shall be 
kept under lock, and not too near to other medicines ; 
special balances, mortars, sieves, etc., shall be kept 
for them; and no poison shall be sold to unknown 
or suspicious persons without a certificate from a medi¬ 
cal man. No internal medicines are to be dispensed 
unless prescribed by authorized physicians, with the 
exception of those prescribed by experienced foreign 
physicians which do not contain anything suspicious 
or doubtful. 
So-called arcana , unless approved of by the Me¬ 
dical Council, must not be sold, under a fine of one 
hundred thalers the first time and loss of the licence 
the second time. 
Apothecaries shall not prescribe, but they are 
allowed to sell simple articles as manna, senna,’ 
rhubarb, etc., but not vomitoria, purgantia, menses 
moventia, ex antimonio et mercurio prceparata or 
opiata, such as pldlonimim romanum, requies Nicolai, 
nor bezoardica or sudorifera. 
The pharmacies are to be inspected by a com¬ 
mission at least once every three 3 r ears, and the 
costs thereof have to be shared by the town councils 
and the pharmacists. 
Then follow a number of regulations to protect 
the pharmacist, one of which is headed “ Booksellers 
shall not deal in medicines.” A variety of people 
whom the medicinal institutions do not the least 
concern,—such as printers, booksellers, sugar-bakers, 
merchants, grocers,—have dared to sell medicines; 
and a number of male and female persons, who have 
no connection whatever with medicine or phar¬ 
macy, prepare all kind of medicines and distribute 
them under the pretence of benevolence. Now all 
these gross irregularities are put a stop to from to¬ 
day under a fine of one hundred thalers. 
Next hi order come the cuppers, mid wives, itine¬ 
rant mountebanks and dentists, medical students, 
hangmen, sieve-makers and dealers in Tliuringian 
waters,—all of wlioni are, under heavy fines, prohi¬ 
bited from dealing in medicines. 
So far the old edict of 1725. The revised regula¬ 
tions of 1801 open with the remark that, with the 
unceasing care which his Majesty bestows upon all 
branches of the administration, it has not escaped 
his notice how much the welfare of his loyal subjects 
depends upon a proper arrangement of the pharma¬ 
cies, and a safe exercise of the art of pharmacy. 
The progress in pharmacy and chemistry necessi¬ 
tates divers alterations, which are expressed in the 
new regulations. 
Several articles have lately appeared in this Jour¬ 
nal, which gave a vivid and true picture of the 
German pharmacists, and the laws to which they are 
subjected; it will, therefore, not be very interesting 
to repeat many of these descriptions by copious ex¬ 
tracts from the laws of 1801, which substantially 
remained in force to the end of last year. 
It is instructive to notice that seventy years ago 
the Prussian Government was already fully aware 
of the necessity of training good pharmacists by 
stringent regulations in regard to apprentices. 
Experience has shown, it is stated, that pharma¬ 
cists too often are careless in the selection of appren¬ 
tices ; that they are guided onty by self-interest, and 
neglect their obligation to properly educate the youth. 
With a view to remedy this evil, it is required that 
the apprentice shall have a tolerably good scien¬ 
tific education; he must know sufficient Latin to 
translate easy parts from a Latin author, and must 
have a good and clear handwriting. The masters 
are not to treat the apprentices as mere labourers, 
but must give them instruction in practical and 
theoretical pharmacy, provide them with good books 
and afford them leisure for study, so as to edu¬ 
cate them, not only to be skilled pharmacists, but 
useful citizens. 
The number of apprentices is limited, and must 
not exceed the number of assistants kept in a busi¬ 
ness. 
At the expiration of his time the apprentice must 
pass an examination before the “ physicus,” and, in 
case he is not sufficiently experienced, he may be 
put back; but if it should be found that the cause of 
liis ignorance is not so much his own fault as that of 
the master, he is to finish in another business, and 
the master will lose his right to keep apprentices. 
The term of apprenticeship is limited to four years. 
The duties of the assistant are also expressly 
defined. In dispensing he has to be careful and 
exact; before making up a prescription he has to 
read it attentively, and again afterwards and before 
giving up the medicine. It is expected that every 
assistant knows his obligations; that he therefore 
attend to all business entrusted to him with zeal 
and diligence, without neglecting his scientific 
studies, lead a good moral life, act towards every¬ 
body with politeness and modesty, abstain from all 
extravagant society, not receive unnecessary or dis¬ 
reputable visits, and show a good example to the 
apprentices in the fulfilment of their duties. 
VESICATING- INSECTS. 
BY M. C. COOKE, M.A. 
(Continued from page 563.) 
Whitish Blister-fly, Lytta albida, Say; black 
covered with dense whitish hair.—Journ. Acad. Nat. 
Sc. iii. p. 305. L. albida, Say’s ‘ Entomology,’ i. 
p. 6. t. iii. a. r. f. 2. L. luteicornis, Lee. Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. vii. 84. 
Body black, entirely covered by dense, short, 
prostrate greenish or yellowish-white hairs. Head 
with a longitudinal impressed line. Antennse sub- 
glabrous. First and second joints rufous, the latter 
nearly equal in length to the third joint. Clypeus, 
labrum and palpi pale rufous. Tarsi black. 
This is also characterized by Say as a remark¬ 
ably fine species, which, he says, “ I discovered 
within about 100 miles of the Bocky Mountains 
during the progress of Major Long’s expedition over 
that vast desert. It appeared to be feeding upon 
the scanty grass, in a situation from which the eye 
