632 
THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. [February 3,1872. 
that to this end expensive hoards of examiners and 
exorbitant fees should he abolished, that the exa¬ 
mining power should he confided to those who have 
hitherto endeavoured to promote such education, 
and that the pecuniary benelit should he received 
by the pharmaceutical colleges. 
The Bill proposes to recognize four grades on the 
Register,—(1) “ Graduates in Pharmacy,” those who 
have had four years’ experience in the compounding 
of prescriptions of medical men, and who possess a 
diploma from a college of pharmacy within the States, 
•or from a recognized foreign institution or examining 
hoard; (2) “ Licentiates in Pharmacy,” those who 
have had four years’ experienoe in dispensing pre¬ 
scriptions, and pass an examination before the Board 
of Pharmacy, or foreign pharmacists presenting satis¬ 
factory credentials of their attainments; (3) “Prac¬ 
tising Pharmacists,” those in business at the passing 
of the Act; (4) “Practising Assistants,” who are 
not less than eighteen years of age, and have had 
two years’ experience. Persons less than eighteen 
years of age are, as “junior assistants or appren¬ 
tices,” to be under the immediate supervision of a 
registered “pharmacist,” or “ assistant pharmacist,” 
until they have become “ graduates ” or “ licentiates.” 
The poison schedule is divided into two parts 
which are subject to the same regulations as those 
in the English Act, but the -substances mentioned in 
them differ. Thus Aconite and its preparations, 
Cantliarides, Ergot, and Savin, contained in part 1 
in the English Act are placed in the second part in 
this Bill; Emetic Tartar is omitted altogether, while 
"White and Bed Precipitate, Biniodide of Mercury, 
Essential Oil of Bitter Almonds, and Opium and its 
preparations, except Paregoric, and other prepara¬ 
tions, containing less than two grains of opium to 
the ounce are placed in the first part. In addition, 
■Colcliicum, Conium, Nux Vomica, Henbane, Cotton- 
root, Digitalis, and their pharmaceutical prepara¬ 
tions, Croton Oil, Chloroform, Chloral Hydrate, Sul¬ 
phate of Zinc, the Mineral Acids and Carbolic Acid 
are proposed to be subjected to the restrictions of 
Part 2. 
Chicago gives fresh proof of its vigour and enter¬ 
prise in the reappearance of the Pharmacist, to 
which we gladly give welcome. It has seldom fallen 
to the lot of a journal to be burnt out twice in 
thirteen months, yet this has happened to our con¬ 
temporary. On the last occasion so complete was 
the destruction that only the office file of the journal 
was saved. 
"We take the opportunity of reminding our readers 
that the first Evening Meeting for the present year 
will be held on Wednesday next, at 8.30 p.m. A 
list of the Papers to be read will be found among the 
notices on the front page of this Journal. 
irsitsarfians of % $jprnraratfral Socitto. 
EXAMINATIONS IN EDINBURGH. 
January 23 rcl, 1872. 
Present—Messrs. Ainslie, Aitken, Buchanan, Gilmour, 
Iveinp and Yoimg. 
PRELIMINARY. 
A certificate was received from the undermentioned in 
lieu of this Examination:— 
Dewar, Michael.Glasgow. 
(Certificate of the Edinburgh University.) 
MINOR. 
Four candidates presented themselves for the Minor 
examination ; of these, two failed. The following two 
passed, and were declared duly qualified to be registered 
as Chemists and Druggists:— 
% f Christie, James.Aberdeen. 
£ \ Fraser, Alexander.Forres. 
MODIFIED. 
Seven candidates presented themselves for the Modi¬ 
fied examination ; of these, five failed. The following 
two passed, and were declared duly qualified to be regis¬ 
tered as Chemists and Druggists:— 
Hall, Samuel.Littleborough. 
Roberts, Henry.Collingham. 
LIVERPOOL CHEMISTS’ ASSOCIATION. 
The Sixth General Meeting was held at the Royal 
Institution, on the 18th of January ; the President, Mr. 
E. Davies, F.C.S., in the chair. 
Mr. N. P. Williams was elected a member of the 
Association. 
The following donations were announced:—‘ The 
Year-Book of Pharmacycurrent numbers of the 
‘Pharmaceutical Journal’ and the ‘Chemist and 
Druggist;’ ‘New York Druggists’ Circular ’ for De¬ 
cember and a number of copies of ‘ Hints to Appren¬ 
tices and Students’ for distribution among the asso¬ 
ciates. 
Mr. A. II. Mason, F.C.S., exhibited a specimen of 
crotonic chloral-hydrate, described its formation, its pro¬ 
bable therapeutic value, and gave preliminary notice of 
the results of some experiments in connection with its 
use in pharmacy. 
Mr. A. Norman Tate read a paper on “Chemistry 
and Commerce.” 
The object of this paper was to point out that, al¬ 
though such great benefits had already been derived by 
commerce from chemistry and other sciences, yet that to 
most persons engaged in commerce scientific knowledge 
is something almost unknown. Most of the various 
articles that pass through the hands of merchants, 
brokers and others are scarcely ever examined scienti¬ 
fically, and are often sold and bought without their real 
practical working value being in any way assessed, 
except by eye or touch, or sometimes by smell or taste. 
Yet the value of many articles cannot possibly be as¬ 
sessed in this way. Instances were given referring to 
pharmacy, such as the purchase of Peruvian bark, 
opium and articles of a like character, the real value of 
which cannot possibly be ascertained without a proper 
assay of the amounts of active constituents. The same 
could be said of dye-woods, weeds, etc., and of tanning 
materials and many other articles. 
In addition to further individual study of chemistry 
and other sciences bearing upon their business, the 
