NATURAL HISTORY. 
93 
GALLERY.] 
notch on each side of the tip of the upper mandible, and 
their gape is often armed with bristles. They live gene¬ 
rally on insects, worms, &c. 
The family of Warblers (Motacillidce, Cases 48—52) 
have rather long but slender, weak bills. This family 
contains many genera and sub-genera. They mostly form 
very beautiful and artfully constructed nests ; some, as the 
Taylor birds of India ( Orthotomus ), place their nest in a 
withered leaf, connecting the sides together with fibres, 
to prevent its falling out; others, as the Wren (Troglo¬ 
dytes), the Lyre-tail (Menura), and the Bottle Tit ( Tarus ), 
form a beautiful oval nest, arched over at the top, and 
having only a small hole in the sides. Like the rest of the 
Titmice, the latter birds have a numerous brood, and the 
young of this species, unlike most other birds, follow 
their parent until the ensuing spring. The Hemipteryx 
forms a nest of this kind, but it also forms a small cell 
in the front of its base, in which the male is said to roost. 
Many of these birds, as the Soft Tails ( Malurus ), the 
Wrens ( Troglodytes ), and the Lyre-tail (Menura), carry 
their tail nearly upright standing over the back. The 
Wagtails ( Motacilla), on the contrary, carry their long tail 
horizontal, and jerk it continually when they first alight 
or are about to rise from the ground. 
yy ^ The A Thrushes ( Turdidoe , Cases 53—55) have rather 
strong slender beaks. The Dipper, or Water Ouzel ( Cin - 
clus), chiefly lives on the banks of rapid rivers in moun¬ 
tainous parts of the country, where they may be often seen 
flying down and diving under the water in search of their 
food. The Orioles ( Oriolus) are peculiar for the brilliant 
golden colour of their plumage; they are only occasional 
visitants to this country. 
i A The^ Fly-Catchers ( Muscicapidce, Case 56 and 57) are 
Known at first sight by their broad depressed beaks, and 
the strong bristles on each side of the gape. They live 
on insects, which they generally catch on the wing. 
The family of Chatterers ( Ampelidce , Cases 58 and 59) 
are peculiar for the two outer toes of their feet being 
: united together to the second joint, and they have de¬ 
pressed bills, as the common Chatterer, Berry Eaters, 
and Manakins. The Wax Wing (Bombycilia) has a hard 
! appendage at the end of each of the secondaries of the wing. 
