178 NATURAL HISTORY. [NORTH 
ertz), the spieular, and crystallized varieties, of various 
shades of green passing into greenish-white, into yellow 
and orange.— Phosphate of yttria , or pliosphyttrite, a very 
scarce mineral substance, first found in the granite of Lin- 
denas in Norway, and subsequently, in equally small quan¬ 
tities, at Ytterby in Sweden.— Phosphate of iron, Werner's 
vivianite , in variously grouped crystals (from Bodenmais 
in Bavaria, from Cornwall, from Fernando Po, &c.), mas¬ 
sive and pulverulent: among the specimens of the latter are 
the massive variety of -New Jersey, and several earthy blue 
varieties in clay, peat, wood, &c.: the chalcosiderite of Ull- 
mann, Werner's green iron earth, and Thomson’s mullicite, 
are likewise phosphates of iron.— Phosphate of manganese 
or triplite, from Chanteloube, near Limoges, in the depart¬ 
ment of Haute Vienne in France, where several other mineral 
substances have lately been found, the essential component 
parts of which are iron, manganese, and phosphoric acid. 
-— Triphyline, a phosphate of iron, manganese and lithia. 
—Phosphate of copper, of which the best characterised 
species are—the octahedral, also called olive-malachite, 
from Lebethen in Hungary; and the prismatic, called 
pseudomalachite, from Rheinbreitenbach, where it occurs 
with quartz which sometimes passes into calcedony. 
Case 55. Part of this case is occupied by the remaining 
phosphates. Phosphates of alumina, to which belong—the 
wavellite, a substance which was originally mistaken for a 
hydrate of pure alumina, and therefore called hy dr argillite, 
from Devonshire, Ireland, Brazil, Greenland, from Amberg 
in Bavaria (called lasionite), from Aussig in Bohemia, on 
sand stone, &c.—the Jdaprothiie, called also blue spar, and 
lazulite, and therefore sometimes confounded with the lapis 
lazuli in Case 37 ;—together with some other substances 
of which no exact analyses have as yet been published, 
though they are known to be chiefly composed of alumina, 
in combination with phosphoric acid, such as—rthe calaite, 
or real turquois firuzah in Persian), an opaque gem found 
chiefly at Nishapur, in the province of Khorasan, Persia, 
in nodules or as small veins traversing a ferrugino-argil- 
laceous rock, and greatly esteemed on account of its beau¬ 
tiful blue colour, which will in most cases be sufficient to 
distinguish it both from the blue silicate of copper (Case 
26) and from fossil bones (particularly teeth) impregnated 
