GALLERY.] NATURAL HISTORY. 101 
pentine, chlorite-slate, &c.; ore from the East Indies, 
which yields the wootz, or salam-steel, remarkable for its 
hardness; magnetic iron-sand . With the oxides of iron is 
also provisionally placed the crucite of Thomson; and the 
beadantite , which is composed of the oxides of iron and lead. 
Case 16. Hydrous oxide of iron or brown iron-stone , 
among the most remarkable varieties of which species are, 
the micaceous, called goethite , in delicate transparent 
tables of a blood red colour ; that in fine scales coating the 
cells of lava; a shining brownish-black variety used as hair 
powder by the Bootchuana natives beyond the Great River 
in South Africa; the fibrous brown iron-stone or brown 
hematite ; the compact and the ochrey brown iron-stone— 
and, as appendix to it, the argillaceous or clay iron-stone , 
with its many varieties, such as the columnar, the pisiform 
(pea iron-ore), the reniform, &c. 
Case 17. Oxide of copper —red or ruby copper ore , 
compact, foliated, and fibrous; one of the more remark¬ 
able is the bright-red capillary variety from Rheinbreiten- 
bach (in which selenium has been discovered by Kersten), 
and from the Bank mines in Siberia;—the ferruginous 
red oxide of copper or tile-ore , a mixture of red copper 
and brown iron ochre; black oxide or copper black , ge¬ 
nerally mixed with the oxides of iron and manganese. 
—Oxide of lead :—the native minium horn Hessia (first 
described by Mr. Smithson), from Siberia, &c., probably 
produced by the decomposition of galena .—Oxide of bis¬ 
muth or bismuth ochre , from Saxony and Bohemia .—Oxide 
of zinc or red zinc ore from New Jersey .—Black and yellow 
earthy cobalt , both called cobalt ochre , which seem to be hy¬ 
drates of the oxides of cobalt and manganese, frequently 
mixed with oxide of iron.— Oxide of uranium , or uran-ochre , 
and the hydrous protoxide of the same, called pitch ore . 
Case 18. Oxide of tin or tin-stone , divided by Werner 
into common tin-stone and wood-tin: among the speci¬ 
mens of the former (chiefly from Cornwall, Saxony, and 
Bohemia) may be specified the greyish-white crystals re¬ 
sembling scheel-ore or tungstate of lime, the regular and 
macled crystals, the pebble-like and granular tin-stone 
(shoad-tin, stream-tin, grain-tin, &c.), the columbiferous 
oxide of tin from Finbo in Sweden ; fibrous oxide or wood- 
tin, a variety of which, composed of radiated-fibrous small 
