Sub-soil though.— 1 The ICitclien Garden* 
2 ® 
The cows supplying the milk had access at 
all times to good running water. The presses 
I used were the invention of Nathan Loomis, 
late of Montgomery Co. N. Y., now at Fairfax 
Co., Va., and cost only $4 each” 
u Sixteen acres of Cabbages, planted on 
the farm of Lambert Wyckoff by Peter Walsh 
in Bush wick, Kings Co., produced 61,120 heads 
which sold for $2,434 77. 
The sod was turned over in the fall and cross 
ploughed in the spring. Fifty cart loads of 
street manure from New York city was put on 
an acre, at a cost delivered on the farm, of 40 
cents per load, and the whole cost of cultivation 
$10 per acre.” 
Cultivated Cranberries were exhibited 
by S. Bates, Billingham, Norfolk Co., Mass, 
grown on his own land. He states that “ low- 
meadow land is best for them, prepared in the 
first instance in the same manner as for grain. 
The wild cranberry is transplanted into this in 
rows 20 inches apart. At first they require a 
slight hoeing, afterwards they spread and cover 
the field, producing crops annually thereafter 
without further culture. In this condition they 
produce much larger and finer fruit than in iheir 
wild state, the yield being from 200 to 300 
bushels per acre, worth on an average in the 
Boston market at least one dollar per bushel. 
A damp soil, or when wet predominated, has 
generally been considered necessary, but Mr. 
Bates thinks this not essential to their successful 
cultivation; any soil unless when inclined to 
bake will answer. Early in the spring is the 
best time for transplanting.” 
SELECTIONS. 
The following cut represents a sub-soil plough, con¬ 
taining three essential requisites for the small farm; 
cheapness, simplicity, and the small power or team 
required to work it, most of those introduced requiring 
six to eight horses to break up the ground. There is 
a great amount of land in this country that would be 
vastly benefited by the liberal use of such a plough. 
The intelligent correspondent of the Royal Agricultu¬ 
ral Journal of England, Mr. Charles Gabell, in sub¬ 
mitting it says: 
The tool, of which I enclose a sketch, I 
work with two stout carriage horses; it goes, 
when required, 18 inches deep. It does not, of 
course, stir the soil so much as those before 
invented, having no fin, nor will it move very 
large stones; but it easily breaks the crust form¬ 
ed by the sole of the plough, and makes it per¬ 
vious to the air and water. Having only two 
horses, I used it last spring after the harrow, first 
with the furrow, and then across and diagonally. 
It completely loosend the soil, and appeared 
effectually to prepare it for Belgian carrots, 
which are a good crop. I have also used it as 
a subturf-plough, and think it still better calcu¬ 
lated for that work. My crop appeared much 
increased; and I hope this season to subturf 
most of the grass-land on my little farm. Those 
farmers who have seen it think it a useful 
implement. 
We intended to have given several valuable ex¬ 
tracts on the cultivation of vegetables and fruit trees, 
but find our original matter will occupy nearly all the 
room in this number. We however subjoin some 
general remarks on the preparation of the soils and 
seeds for the kitchen garden, from the practice of the 
Shakers, and intend in the next number, to give a 
complete manual for the cultivation of the particular 
plants it usually contains. 
Before commencing the work of the garden, a 
few matters essential to success should be particu¬ 
larly attended to. In laying out a garden of an 
oblong form, it will be generally found most con¬ 
venient to have the rows of vegetables run 
length-wise of the garden, so that the plow or 
cultivator may run through freely, without in¬ 
terruption, allowing an alley at each end for the 
horse and plow to turn round upon. The 
ground should be plowed or dug to a good 
depth, especially for long rooted plants, and be 
well incorporated with rotten manure or rich 
compost The essential advantage of deep 
plowing is not only best calculated to give room 
for the roots to expand freely, but the crops on 
a deep plowed soil will be much less liable to 
injury from the extremes of wet and dry weather. 
Every garden should have a good supply of well 
rotted manure or old compost, ready for use when 
wanted; also a portion of soot, tobacco dust, 
ashes and lime, for the purpose of scattering 
over seed beds and hills of plants in dry wea¬ 
ther, to destroy insects, which often cut off the 
young plants as fast as they come up. 
The next matter of importance is, to work 
the ground and put in the seed when it is in 
proper order to receive it. A light, sandy soil 
will be benefited by working it when rather 
moist, as this will have a tendency to make it 
more compact, and better adapted to retain its 
moisture; but if a clay soil he worked when 
too wet, it will become hard and stiff, and not 
only prevent the seeds from rising freely, but 
materially injure the plants in their subsequent 
growth. Rolling or pressing the earth over 
