Tour in 13u gland* 
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the wall, a sloping bed of ten feet wide, or so, 
is laid up of sandy soil; this is for the early 
productions. On the north side a similar slope 
is made with a clay soil for the later ones. 
In this way, fruits and vegetables may be pro¬ 
longed two to four months. Currants for in¬ 
stance, are easily kept from July to Novem¬ 
ber, and strawberries from June to Septem¬ 
ber; peas, beans, and other summer vegeta¬ 
bles in the same way. With our fervid sun 
and drier climate, so great a difference per¬ 
haps could not be made; still we have seen 
fruits and vegetables in America frequently 
accelerated a fortnight in ripening, and kept 
a whole month longer than usual in great 
perfection by the introduction of walls 
around the garden. 
Although it may not counterbalance the 
many ills engendered in consequence of it, 
there is, it must be confessed, one great ad¬ 
vantage arising to England, from the posses¬ 
sion of large estates by a wealthy and en¬ 
lightened few; for they not only have the 
ability, but generally the will and inclination, 
to immediately adopt the improvements of a 
Tull and a Bakewell, and avail themselves of 
the discoveries and scientific applications of 
a Davy, in the cultivation of those estates 
and stocking them. This also elevates the 
condition of the tenant farmer, who comes 
immediately in contact with the landlord ; 
for he must be taught at once more or less 
of the reasons of the improvements. But it 
is not necessary that we should have a privi¬ 
leged class to bring about the same desirable 
ends; what we want, is, that the different 
state governments should apply funds for the 
promotion of agricultural science, and mak¬ 
ing experiments, and in the event of failing 
to bring this about, state and county socie¬ 
ties may do much; and the formation of 
farmers’ clubs, as has partially been done al¬ 
ready among us, in every little neighborhood 
and community, may effect still more. These 
last should have each its little library of 
standard books on agriculture, together with 
the best periodicals of the day, for general 
reading and distribution. They should also 
during the winter season meet at least one 
evening in a week, alternately, at each other’s 
houses, to talk over and discuss agricultu¬ 
ral affairs, and promote each other’s welfare 
and improvement. Each, also, during the 
summer season, should be bound to make 
some little agricultural experiment to com¬ 
municate to the society. Mind thus would 
stir up mind, impart and obtain knowledge, 
and prove of incalculable benefit to itself and 
our whole common country. 
The greatest recent improvement that has 
been introduced into England, is the sub-soil 
and sub-turf plows ; the first being equally 
effectual, and answering the same end, as 
double or trench spading, heretofore par¬ 
tially made use of in gardens and some few 
field crops ; but owing to its great expense, 
the sub-soil plow was invented to obviate it, 
and most admirably has it succeeded, doing 
the work at one-fourth to one-sixth the cost 
of spading. The principal benefit derived 
from sub-soil plowing is, that it loosens the 
ground to thrice the depth of mere surface 
plowing, and thereby opens it to the admis¬ 
sion of so much greater depth of air and 
heat, and the fertilizing effects of the atmos¬ 
phere, and especially in dry weather, to the 
continued absorption of aqueous vapors. Be¬ 
sides the roots of all plants can penetrate 
mueh further when this is done, in search of 
food, which better enables them to resist 
drought, and when the soil is tolerably 
porous or well drained, the effect also of 
heavy rains. 
Mr. Smith, of Dunston, Scotland, was the 
first to bring this plow into general notice, 
and he somewhat enthusiastically, though 
perhaps truly enough, thus describes the be¬ 
neficial results. 
u When land has been thoroughly drained, 
deeply wrought, and well manured, the most 
unpromising, sterile soil becomes a deep rich 
loam; rivalling in fertility the best natural 
land of the country : and from being fitted for 
raising only scanty crops of common oats, 
will bear good crops of from 32 to 48 bushels 
of wheat, 30 to 40 bushels of beans, 40 to 60 
bushels of barley, and from 48 to 70 bushels 
of early oats per statute acre ; besides pota¬ 
toes, turnips, mangle-wurtzle and carrots, as 
green crops, which all good agriculturists 
know are the abundant producers of the best 
manure. It is hardly possible to estimate all 
the advantages of a dry and deep soil. Every 
operation in husbandry is thereby facilitated 
and cheapened ; less seed and less manure 
produce a full effect; the chances of a good 
and early tilth for sowing are greatly in¬ 
creased ; a matter of great importance in our 
precarious climate; and there can be no 
doubt that even the climate itself will be 
much improved by the general prevalence of 
land made dry.” 
Sir Edmund Stracey, in a communication 
to the Royal Agricultural Society, thus 
speaks, also, of the beneficial effects of the 
sub-soil plow. 
“ On my coming to reside on my estate at 
Rackheath about six years since, I found five 
