Old Agricultural Works. 
the pump is set close to the press, but it may be remov¬ 
ed to any convenient distance by lengthening the water- 
pipe u, which connects the discharge of the force pump 
with the inside of the cylinder of the press. Fig. 3 is 
Fig. 3. Fig. 4. 
a section of the pump and its valves. The pump m, is 
of bronze; the suction-pipe n, has a conical valve with 
a long tail; the solid piston or plunger p, is smaller 
than the barrel in which it plays, and passes at its top 
through a stuffing-box q; r is the pressure-valve, s is 
the. safety-valve, which, in fig. 2, is seen to be loaded 
with a weighted lever ; t is the discharge-valve, for 
letting the water escape, from the cylinder beneath the 
ram, back into the well. See the winding passage in 
fig. 4. u is the tube which conveys the water from 
the pump into the press-cylinder. In fig. 2 two cen¬ 
tres of motion for the pump-lever are shown. By shift¬ 
ing the bolt into the centre nearest the pump-rod, the 
mechajuksd advantage of the workman may be doubled. 
T wo ptstftps are generally mounted in one frame for one 
hydraulic press; the larger to give a rapid motion to 
the ram at the beginning, when the resistance is small; 
the smaller to give a slower but more powerful impul¬ 
sion when the resistance is much increased. A pres¬ 
sure of 500 tons may be obtained from a well-made hy¬ 
draulic press with a ten inch ram, and a two and a one 
inch set of pumps. 
We have been politely favored with the above cuts, 
from Ure’s Dictionary, by Messrs. D. Appleton & Co., 
the Publishers of that valuable work. 
REVIEW OF BOOKS. 
(Concluded from our last number.) 
Barnabe Googe, Esq. —Of Sheep there is not much 
to note. He cautions against the use of those whose 
tongue is black or “ peckled,” as producing black or pied 
lambs, which he takes from Virgil. The shepherd’s 
care is well delineated. He is to drive the flock early 
to the field while the dew is abundant on the grass, 
and when the sultry heat of noon approaches, they are 
to be driven under some cold and watery rocks, and 
again at evening, plentifully refreshed with dew moist¬ 
ened herbage. For the fineness of their fleece, the 
most esteemed in our author’s day, were those of Eng¬ 
land, Germany about the Rhine, and France. Spain, 
that probably then held the fine wooled merinos, is not 
mentioned, showing the limited intercourse that even 
then subsisted among enlightened nations. When the 
skin is cut in shearing, tar is recommended to be ap¬ 
plied. Plenty of salt, change of pasture, and short, 
sweet feed was the best rule for them then, and 
it is the best now. When scabby, Constantine out of 
Dydimus, enjoins washing with urine, and then anoint¬ 
ing with brimstone and oil; tar is a good remedy. For 
general disease of the flock, change of situation, as 
remote as possible, is best. Juniper berries with salt, 
and something added to relish, is urged to be given 
three or four times a year. “ If lowzie or full of Tick¬ 
les, they doo use to beat the roots of maple and seethe 
in water, then powre the licour on the skin of the back, 
so as to run all ouer the bodie. Others use the roote 
of the mandrake, not suffering the sheepe to taste 
thereof.” Extracting the worm from the sheep’s 
claws is given from Maister Fitzherbert. The dried 
flowers of wormwood, with salt, was administered as a 
sovereign remedy for all diseases. 
A chapter on Goats , as dairy stock, is in some mea¬ 
sure superseded in modern times, by short horns, and 
we must omit the curious details respecting these cat- 
tell. The merits of the different varieties of cheese, 
in our author’s day, was after in the following order « 
“ The Parmasines, from the river Po, Holland, Nor¬ 
mandy, English. Of this last, the order was Cheshire,. 
Shropshire, Banbury, Suffolk, Essex; and the very 
woi-st, the Kentish.” It is recommended keeping them 
in grain, as many now do. If to the rennet, the juice 
of birch be added, all skippers are avoided. 
Swine. —From the first invasion of the Saxons upon 
the sea-girt isle, swines flesh, through all the succes¬ 
sive days of Arthur, Alfred, Cedric and Gurth, to the 
present time, has been a prominent object of attention, 
and ten page's of truth and error, good sense and no 
sense, attests our author’s devotion to the theme. 
Virgil’s Italian sow, with thirty white pigs around her 
dugs, requires no greater stretch of credulity, than 
many of the statements here. The shape given is 
“ long, large sided and bellied, wide buttocked, short 
legged and footed, big necked and well brawned, short 
groyned,* and turning upward, his tayle wrinkled , and 
very prolific.” He affords fifty dayptie dishes. Varro 
is still ahead of our most ambitious western breeders ; 
“ a present of two ribs being sent to a Roman Senator, 
one foot and three inches between the skin and bone.” 
Dogs and doggeries , with a list of classical names, 
for them and the breeding of cats, close the third book. 
A long chapter on poultry and eggs, and making of 
capons, contain many good suggestions, and as many 
crudities. Geese in his day, were very liable to have 
their necks broken, “ with pulling at the tough and 
stubborn weeds, by reason of the sudden starting back 
of the weed.” The Patie de gras foi of the French, 
seems to be an old dish, “ as the Jews used to fat their 
geese by wrapping them up in a linen apron, and hanging 
them up in a dark place, and stopping their ears with 
peason, then by crowding their stomach with ground 
malt or barley steeped in water, with gravel and wa¬ 
ter, they got so fat their livers weighed 5 lbs. Whilst 
I was at the Council of Worms, there was a liver of a 
goose brought me by a Jew that weighed 4 lbs. 
When Ambassador to England, I was told by men of 
good credit, there was in Scotland, near the sea, cer- 
tayne trees that yearly brought forth fruit, which fall¬ 
ing into the sea, became a kind of wild duck, or rather 
barnacles. Aristotle witnesseth the like, affirming 
there is a tree in Scythia, with leaves larger than the 
maple, whereof cometh a kind of four footed birds.” 
For much curious poultry lore, reference must be had 
to the book itself. Turkeys are herein alleged to have 
been introduced into England a little preceding 1530. 
The receipt for pigedn fatting, is breaking their legs, 
that they may not move far, which is akin to fatting 
geese, after nailing their feet, still practiced in Eng¬ 
land, and whipping them to death, sometimes done in 
Europe now, to increase the tenderness of their flesh. 
Fish ponds, as they were a great item in the pro¬ 
vision of the ancients, and are still among the wealthy 
* Groin, snout—from the French. 
