Protection of Coarse Wool.—Becember Motes from Buffalo to Mew York. 
two pounds to equal one pound of ours, as washed on 
the sheep. Our wool loses ; in cleansing, one-third of 
its weight:—the Buenos Ayres wool loses two thirds ; 
in other words, it takes 1| pounds of our wool as washed 
on the sheep to make 1 pound of cleansed wool; while 
it takes 3 pounds of Buenos Ayres wool, as imported, 
to make 1 pound of cleansed wool. The question, 
then is, at what prices can 2 pounds of this wool be 
imported ! The following is the answer, for wool 
costing from 4 to 10 cents; 
charges. duties, cost of 1 lb. cost of 21b. 
cts. 
cts. mills. 
cts. 
mills. 
cts. m. 
cts. 
m. 
Cost of lib. 4 
3 
4 
4 
9 
12 
3 
24 
6 
a 
5 
3 
6 
5 
2 
13 
8 
27 
6 
“ 
6 
3 
8 
5 
5 
15 
3 
30 
6 
tc 
7- 
4 
0 
5 
8 
16 
8 
33 
6 
a 
8 
4 
2 
6 
1 
18 
3 
36 
6 
n 
9 
4 
4 
6 
4 
19 
8 
39 
6 
a 
10 
4 
7 
6 
7 
21 
4 
42 
8 
But the question may be asked, how does it happen 
that the price of Buenos Aytes wool is now so low ? 
It is quoted in the Boston market at from 7 to 10 
cents. The answer is, that what remains for sale is 
probably of the poorer qualities—was purchased during 
the blockade, at low prices, and was imported free of 
duty, and is sold without a profit, if not at a loss. The 
same general causes which have depressed the price of 
our own wool, have affected the price of all foreign 
wool in our market. These general causes may afford 
the subject of another letter. 
I have thus far restricted myself to the consideration 
of the tariff, as a protective against low priced foreign 
wools—and more particularly against those from Bue¬ 
nos Ayres. I will add further, that it is most probable, 
under the present tariff, that none but coarse wool will 
be imported from that place in the state heretofore im¬ 
ported, but will be first cleansed. The three pounds 
of foul wool will be reduced to one pound of cleansed 
wool—to avoid the 3 per cent duty; paying it on one 
pound instead of paying it on three pounds. This 
wool, however, will never be equal in value to ours, or 
other foreign wool of the same fineness. It is not 
suited to make broadcloths, because it cannot, on ac¬ 
count of the burrs with which it is filled, be stapled 
either before or after they are picked out. 
The fine wools imported from Europe and Australia 
into our ports, were entered in 1840, at from 33 to 34 
cents per pound. The fleeces, however, are cleaner 
and closer trimmed than ours. The price, compared 
with our wool as washed on the sheep, may be rated at 
27 cents per pound, as the foreign value. This, with 
8 cents for charges of importation and profit, and 12 
cents for duties, would make the price here 47 cents, 
or, without a profit, 43 cents. 
Such, in my view, is the effect of the tariff of the last 
session. Yet it does not do all that, in my judgment, 
ought to be done. This country produces wool suffi¬ 
cient for all its wants. I wish to see done, for this 
interest, what is our true national policy for every 
great agricultural interest: and that is, in relation to 
eveiy agricultural product, when we produce an abun¬ 
dance and there be no danger of monopoly, that duties 
should be laid, not merely for protection, but for pro¬ 
hibition. We have done this for cottm 3 and why 
should it not be done for wool. 
December Notes from Buffalo to New-York. 
The first place we stopped at was our ex¬ 
cellent friends the Messrs Raynors, who are 
pleasantly situated on a fine farm in the town 
of Clarence, about 18 miles from Buffalo. 
Their soil, as indeed much of this region, is 
underlaid by porous ledges of limestone, 
generally a few feet below the surface, but 
sometimes cropping out so as to leave the 
rock naked to the eye. In addition to these 
ledges, there is more or less stone scattered 
over the land, in detached pieces, varying 
in sizes from a pebble up to considerable of 
a rock, and answer well for making fence for 
the farm. Though presenting slight ob¬ 
structions in cultivation, this stone is consi¬ 
dered rather beneficial than otherwise to the 
soil, for we find it drier and more forward in 
its crops for the same latitude, than lands 
usually are, destitute of this stone. They 
also, no doubt, assist in keeping it cool and 
moist during very hot weather in the sum¬ 
mer. It is, an excellent soil for grass, roots, 
corn, and especially wheat and the smaller 
grains ; of all which it is capable of produc¬ 
ing abundantly. 
The Messrs. Raynors have a fine orchard 
here of 16 acres, which being so near to Buf¬ 
falo market, they sell the fruit at a good 
price on the tree, which pays them on an 
; average 10 per cent, interest on the land, 
j valuing it at $100 per acre, besides leaving 
them an abundant supply of the choicest fruit 
for family use, and many refuse apples, 
which are fed to pigs ; and in addition to 
all this, they cut nearly 2 tons of first quality 
hay per acre from the orchard. The large 
| bins of apples which they showed us in their 
I cellar, of many varieties, were luscious to 
I look at and to the taste besides, and were so 
tempting that we were obliged to put an em- 
i bargo upon ourselves at once, for fear of a 
surfeit, and when we came to leave we found 
a large supply in our sleigh box, placed there 
by way of dessert for our journey. There 
is no greater luxury than a good orchard, 
and when planted with well selected fruit, 
there is nothing more profitable, and we won¬ 
der more attention is not paid to them. 
It was in the spring of 1839, that a nurse¬ 
ryman proposed to let us have a lot of se¬ 
lected fruit, in exchange for a few pigs. We 
took the trees, and while planting them with 
our own hands, along the borders of our gar¬ 
den, (which, by the way, is of a cold tena¬ 
cious soil, and a bleak exposed place,) one of 
our neighbors came along, of the Do-nothing 
and III -prophesying order, and began to com¬ 
fort us with the assurance, that fruit trees 
planted in such a cold soil would never 
thrive; and if they did, by great care, the 
wind would be sure to destroy them as soon 
as a little grown; the fruit would be stolen, and 
we should never have the comfort of it, and he 
