80 
liebig’s patent process of manufacturing manure. 
LIEBIG’S PATENT PROCESS OF MANU¬ 
FACTURING MANURE. 
It has been ascertained, that the growing of any 
crop on land in a state of cultivation, and the re¬ 
moving and consuming of such crop wholly from 
the land where it was grown, takes away mineral 
compounds; and it has been suggested by Professor 
Liebig, that in cultivating land and supplying 
manure thereto, the manure should be such as to 
restore to the land the matters and the quantities 
therepL which the particular plants have abstracted 
from me soil during their growth. It has been ob¬ 
served in the chemical examination of marls and 
vegetable ashes, that the alkaline carbonates and the 
carbonate of lime can form compounds, the solubility 
of which depends on the quantity of carbonate of 
lime contained in the particular compound. It has 
further been found, that the said alkaline carbonates 
can form a like compound with phosphate of lime, 
in 'which the carbonate of potash or soda is partly 
changed into phosphate of potash or soda. 
Now, the object of this invention is to prepare 
a manure in such a manner as to restore to the land 
the mineral elements taken away by the crop which 
has been grown on and removed from the land, and 
in such manner, that the character of the alkaline 
matters used may be changed, and the same render¬ 
ed less soluble, so that the otherwise soluble alka¬ 
line parts of the manure may not be washed away 
from the other ingredients by the rain falling on the 
land, and thus separating the same therefrom. And 
it is the combining carbonate of soda or carbonate 
of potash, or both, with carbonate of lime, and also 
the combining carbonate of potash and soda with 
phosphate of lime, in such manner as to diminish 
the solubility of the alkaline salts to be used as in¬ 
gredients for manure (suitable for restoring to land 
the mineral matters taken away by the crop, which 
may have been grown on and removed from the 
land to be manured), which constitutes the novelty 
of the invention. 
I would here state, that although the manures 
made in carrying out this invention will have 
various matters combined with the alkaline car¬ 
bonates, no claim of invention is made thereto 
separately, and such materials will be varied ac¬ 
cording to the matters which the land to be manur¬ 
ed requires to have returned to it, in addition to the 
mineral substances above mentioned. The quan¬ 
tity of carbonate or phosphate of lime, used with 
carbonate of soda or potash, may be varied accord¬ 
ing to the degree of solubility desired to be obtain¬ 
ed, depending on the locality where the manure is 
to be used, in order to render the preparation less 
soluble in localities where the average quantity of 
rain falling in the year is great; but, as in practice 
it would be difficult to prepare manures to suit each 
particular locality with exactness, I shall give such 
average preparations as will suit most soils as ma¬ 
nure, and I will afterwards give such information as 
will enable parties desirous of applying the inven¬ 
tion under the most disadvantageous circumstances 
to have manure manufactured for their particular 
cases. In making manure according to the inven¬ 
tion, I cause carbonate of soda or of potash, or both, 
to be fused in a reverberatory furnace, such as is 
used in the manufacture of soda ash, with carbonate 
or phosphate of lime (and with such fused com¬ 
pounds I mix other ingredients as hereafter men¬ 
tioned), so as to produce manures; and such com¬ 
positions, when cold, being ground into powder by 
edge-stones or other convenient machinery, the 
same is to be applied to land as manure. And in 
order to apply such manure with precision, the 
analysis and weight of the previous crop ought to 
be knovrn with exactness, so as to return to the land 
the mineral elements in the weight and proportion 
in which they have been removed by the crop. 
Two compounds are first prepared, one of which 
is the basis of all manures, which I shall describe 
as the first and second preparations. 
The first preparation is formed by fusing together 
two or two-and-a-half parts of carbonate of lime, 
with one part of potash of commerce (containing, 
on an average, sixty carbonate of potash, two sul¬ 
phate of potash, and ten chloride of potassium or 
common salt, inthe hundred parts), or with one part of 
carbonate of soda and potash, mixed in equal parts. 
The second preparation is formed by fusing to¬ 
gether one part of phosphate of lime, one part of 
potash of commerce, and one part of soda ash. 
Both preparations are ground to powder, other 
salts or ingredients in the state of powder are added 
to these preparations and mixed together, or those 
not of a volatile consistency may be added when the 
preparations are in a state of fusion,so that the ma¬ 
nure may represent as nearly as possible the compo¬ 
sition of the ashes of the preceding crop. This is 
| assuming that the land is in a high state of cultiva- 
j tion ; but if it be desired to grow a particular crop on 
land not in a high state of cultivation, then the ma¬ 
nure would be applied in the first instance suitable 
for the coming crop, and then in subsequent cases, 
the manure prepared according to the invention 
would, as herein described, be applied to restore to 
the land what has been taken therefrom by the 
preceding crop. 
Preparation of manure for land which has had a 
wheat crop grown on and removed therefrom , 
Take -of the first preparation six parts by weight, 
and of the second preparation one part, and mix 
with them two parts of gypsum, one part of calcined 
hones—silicate of potash (containing six parts of 
silica), and one part of phosphate of magnesia and 
ammonia. 
And such manure is also applicable to be use.d 
after growing barley, oats, and plants of a si mi la? 
character. 
Preparation of manure for land which has had a 
crop of beans grown thereon and removed therefrom. 
Take fourteen parts by weight, of the first prepa 
ration, two parts of the second preparation, and mix 
them with one part of common salt (chloride oi 
sodium), a quantity of silicate of potash (containing 
two parts of silica), two parts of gypsum, and on« 
part of phosphate of magnesia and ammonia. 
And such manure is also applicable for land on 
which peas or other plants of & similar character 
have been grown and removed. 
Preparation of manure for land on which turnips 
have been grown and removed therefrom 
Take twelve parts by weight, of the first prepara¬ 
tion, one part of the second preparation, one part of 
gypsum, and one part of phosphate of magnesia 
and. ammonia. 
_ And such manure is also applicable for lands 
