scripture’s carriage wheel, etc. 
113 
SCRIPTURE’S CARRIAGE WHEEL. 
Description .—A, Is a perspective elevation of the 
wheel entire. 
B, Is a detached, or one-half part of the nave or 
hub, in which rests the ends of one-half of the 
spokes. 
C, Is a cross section of the entire wheel, showing 
the position of the spokes and the separate parts of 
the hub. 
a a a. Represent the pipe-box, passing through the 
two naves, or cheek pieces, c c, having on the inside 
a connected flange of the same diameter as the 
naves, and covering the open end of the one next 
the vehicle, while at the other end a screw thread is 
cut to receive the screw flange, or front of the hub, 
represented by b, which, by means of a wrench, is 
screwed firmly upon the pipe-box; by which means 
the two naves being accurately fitted to the pipe, 
are made to approach each other, thereby causing 
the spokes to act as powerful levers, and producing 
the same effect that is sought to be obtained by re¬ 
setting the tire of the ordinary wheel, but with the 
very important difference, that while the one is 
effected by a considerable expense of time and 
money, and with a positive injury to the wheel, the 
same result is brought about in the other by a few 
minutes’ application, and without incurring any ex¬ 
pense or injuring the wheel. 
C 
Fig. 33. 
Ordinary wheels become rim-bound in conse¬ 
quence of inadequate support in the hub; while by 
this method of constructing wheels, this difficulty is 
obviated at once, by applying the wrench to the 
huh, and turning it up, more or less, as the case 
requires. 
In dry weather, wheels are apt to become loose, 
from the shrinking of the wood, and one day’s use 
in that condition damages them more than one 
month’s wear when in good order; which can 
always be maintained by a proper pressure of the 
spokes to the rim. The'felloes of wheels may be¬ 
come loose under the tire, also, by the settling of the 
spokes in the hub ; but constructed on the above 
principle, it is maintained that by the most ordinary 
attention the spokes are kept constantly to their 
proper bearing, and the felloes firm to the tire, in 
consequence of which the tire will not require to be 
reset until worn out , and the woodwork being kept 
firmly in its place will wear much longer. 
In case of an accident to a spoke requiring it to 
be replaced, unscrew the nut flange, draw the pipe- 
box from the nave, remove the broken spoke, insert 
a new one, then replace the pipe-box, and screw up 
the hub, and your wheel is at once as firm and 
strong as ever. The ends of the spokes do not re¬ 
quire to be tennoned where they rest in the hub, 
but enter with their whole size, giving them all the 
bearing surface they can have, and adding to their 
durability. In all other respects the wheel is put 
together and tired, as is the wheel now in use. Any 
farm or plantation hand is fully competent to keep 
the wheel in order; and in case of the breaking of 
a spoke, the most ordinary skill is sufficient to re¬ 
pair the damage, without resort to the wheelwright. 
Among the advantages claimed for this wheel is 
its great economy in use, consisting in the dura¬ 
bility of the hub, which will last for a generation, 
the saving of two or three visits to the wheelwright, 
while each tire is wearing out, and his bills for re¬ 
setting the tire, &c., as many times, and the conse¬ 
quent protection of the woodwork from the burning 
and shrinking of the tire. 
In its construction the wheel presents far greater 
strength than the common wheel, besides having 
the convenient application of mechanics, power, as 
before set forth, to keep the wheel in constant order 
for use until the tire is worn too thin to be run any 
longer with safety. This wheel is applicable to 
every description of vehicle, both light and heavy, 
and will prove of great importance in warm cli¬ 
mates, where the alternate wet and dry seasons are 
very destructive to ordinary wheels, the evils of 
which are without expense avoided by the above 
method. E. S. Scripture. 
Stapleton, Staten Island, N. Y. 
Experiment with Guano. —I had plowed one 
acre of greensward about the 1st of August last, 
and divided it into equal parts for quantity and 
quality, as nearly as could be. On the 3d of Au¬ 
gust, on one half I spread 51 bushels unleached 
ashes; on the other half I sowed broad-cast, 250 
lbs. Guano; then sowed turnip seed broad-cast, 
through and through, and harrowed all in, going 
through and through without regard to the division. 
In two weeks the line of division was perfectly 
perceptible to the eye one hundred rods distant. 
From that part on which the guano was sowed I 
athered 113 bushels turnips; on the part ashed, 
gathered only 43 bushels. The ashed turnips 
were gathered four or five days later than the gua¬ 
noed. I commenced gathering about the 8th ot 
November, and finished about the 16th. The guano 
was from a cargo imported by Messrs. Miner, 
Lawrence & Co., of this City. 
Cost of 51 bu. ashes, $8.50. Produced 43 bu. tufnips, 
“ 250 lbs. guano, 7.50. “ 113 “ “ 
New London, Ct. Wm. P. Cleaveland. 
Take good care of your meadows now, that cattle 
do not poach them and feed off the early grass, 
