GARDENING.-NO. 3. 
145 
mence enclosing tlie whole farm (wood lot and all) 
with a stout fence. It took us several months of 
hard labor, to the neglect of other needed improve¬ 
ments. It took also a good share of the valuable 
timber from the whole lot. The fence is finished 
-—the cattle keep their own side. This is some 
satisfaction. But when I remember how much it 
cost, in time, money, and timber, and remember, 
too, that it is all to keep others’ cattle out, not my 
own in—that it is a direct and heavy tax to pro¬ 
tect me from what ought never to be allowed—cattle 
on the common, I repeat, I begin to have conside¬ 
rable sympathy with your anti-fence making arti¬ 
cles. I wish you great success in convincing the 
farmers of the injustice of this whole matter. By 
the time this fence decays, I hope there will be 
such a revolution as to make it needless (as it will 
be impossible for want of materials) to rebuild. If 
the Agriculturist shall effect such a change, it will 
save millions to this people. T. 
Ohio, January, 1846. 
GARDENING.—No. 3. 
During the reign of Henry V. of England, in the be¬ 
ginning of the 15th century, King James of Scotland 
was a prisoner in Windsor castle for several years. 
In the poem written at that time by that monarch, 
lie gives the following account of a royal garden 
there :— 
Now was there maide fast by the touris wall 
A garden faire, and in the corneris set 
Ane herbere greene, with wandis long and small 
Prailit about, and so with treeis set 
Was all the place, and hawthorn hedges knet, 
That lyfe was non, walkyng there for bye 
That myght within scarce any wight espye. 
Hampton Court was laid out about the middle of 
Henry the Eighth’s reign (1530), by Cardinal Wol- 
sey. The labyrinth, one of the best which remains 
in England, occupies only a quarter of an acre, and 
contains about half a mile of winding walks. It 
is of great intricacy. 
Chatsworth, the splendid seat of the Duke of 
Devonshire, was laid out in 1670, from a design by 
tne artist Le Notre. 
Hopetown House is situated on the banks of the 
Frith of Forth, a few miles west of Edinburgh. 
Both on account of the elegance of the mansion 
itself, and of the magnificence of the scenery with 
which it is surrounded, it is considered one of the 
most princely residences in Scotland. The park 
contains 1,700 acres, of an irregular surface, and 
abounding in trees. The pleasure grounds were 
laid out in the years 1725 to ’30, and appear to have 
leen designed in the Dutch style. There is a cer¬ 
tain stateliness about the grounds which harmo¬ 
nizes well with the aspect of the mansion itself. 
The greatest curiosity in gardening in Ireland, is 
the Hanging Garden of Limerick. This contains an 
acre of ground, which is covered with lines of 
arches rising in terraces one above another ; the 
lowest, 25 feet, and the highest, 40 feet. Over 
these arches is placed a layer of earth, five feet 
thick, and planted with choice fruit trees and 
flowers. The space under the arches is employed 
as a cellar, and. will hold nearly 2,000 hhds. This 
work was commenced in 1823, and was completed 
in 5 or 6 years, at an expense of $75,000. 
The first public botanic garden in England was 
founded at Oxford in 1632, by Henry, Earl ot 
Danby, who gave, for this purpose, five acres of 
land, built green-houses and stoves, and handsomely 
endowed the establishment. The botanic garden at 
Kew was established in 1760 by the Princess 
Dowager of Wales, the mother of George III. The 
botanic garden of Edinburgh occupies 16 acres, and 
includes extensive hot-houses and other desideiafa, 
in a superior style. 
The garden of the Emir Facardine, atBeyroot, is 
described by Maundrell as “ a large quadrangular 
spot of ground, divided into sixteen lesser squares, 
and planted with citron trees.” 
The gardens of Damascus are described by 
Egmont and Heyman as perfect paradises, being 
watered with copious streams from Lebanon, and 
shaded with palms and elms, whose shade was ex¬ 
quisite in that burning climate. 
The gardens of Persia are said to vie in beauty 
and luxuriance with any in the world; and to them 
the Persians devote their principal attention. When 
Mirza Abul Hassan wras ambassador to the court of 
St. James’, one of his greatest satisfactions arose 
from occasionally walking, unattended, in Kensing¬ 
ton Gardens. The gardens of Kerim Khan are thus 
described in Morier’s Journey to Persia. “ An 
immense wall, of the neatest construction, encloses 
a square tract of land, which is laid out in walks, 
shaded by cypress and chenar, and watered by a 
variety of marble canals, and small artificial cas¬ 
cades. In the centre of the garden is one of the 
principal summer houses. There is a basin in the 
middle of the chief room, where a fountain plays 
continually, refreshing the air. The garden is now 
(1812) falling into decay; but those who saw it in 
the reign of Kerim Khan delight to describe its 
splendor, and do not cease to give the most ravish¬ 
ing pictures of the beauty of all the environs of his 
capital.” 
One of the earliest accounts of Chinese gardens is 
thus given by Pere le Compte, who resided for some 
years in that country as a missionary. “ The 
Chinese appear still more to neglect their gardens 
than their houses. They would consider it as a 
want of sense to occupy their grounds only in par¬ 
terres, in cultivating flowers, and in forming alleys 
and thickets. The Chinese, who value order so 
little in their gardens, still consider them as sources 
of pleasure, and bestow some expense in their for¬ 
mation. They form grottoes, raise little hills, pro 
cure pieces of rocks, which they join together with 
the intention of imitating nature. If they can, be¬ 
sides these things, find enough of water to water 
their cabbages and legumes, they consider, that as 
to that materia], they have nothing more to desire, 
and content themselves with a well or a pond.” 
Such was Chinese gardening anciently, but mark 
their improvement. In Dobell’s Travels (vol. 2, p. 
314), we find that “ the houses are surrounded by ex¬ 
tensive and beautiful gardens, adorned with artificial 
lakes, rocks, cascades, buildings of various descrip¬ 
tions, walks, bridges, &c. In the ornamenting and 
beautifying of gardens the Chinese excel all othe 
nations. By means of a variety of winding walks 
