DESTRUCTION OF WEEDS IN PAVED COURTT 
311 
as well as one professedly ornamental, may and 
ought to be agreeable to walk in, as well as profit¬ 
ably cultivated. The soil must be first attended to. 
The ground should never lie long without stirring, 
for the soil of a garden should be kept in a free, 
sweet, and rich state, by proper digging. Free, 
that the roots of the plants may not be impeded in 
the quest of food ; sweet, that the food may be 
wholesome ; and rich, that there may be no defect 
of nutriment. 
It is a common complaint amongst gardeners, 
that their grounds will not produce certain kinds of 
vegetables, where formerly they were raised in 
abundance ; not that the ground is poor or hungry, 
but that the surface, to use familiar language, has 
become tired of these crops, in the same way as a 
field sown with the same sort of grain for a num¬ 
ber of years in succession, ceases to produce it in 
perfection. To remedy this it is proposed to pro¬ 
ceed in the following manner :—“ Let the soil be 
from twenty-five to thirty inches deep. Take 
three crops (z e., use it three years) off the surface, 
digging it only eight or ten inches deep, afterwards 
trench it the whole depth of the soil, say thirty 
inches, by which the bottom and top are reversed, 
and the middle remains in the middle. Take three 
crops off this surface, and then trench again twenty 
inches deep, by which the top becomes the middle, 
and the middle the top. Take also three crops off 
this surface, and then trench thirty inches, or the 
whole depth of your soil, whereby that which was 
last the middle, and now top, becomes the bottom ; 
and that which is now the bottom, and was the 
surface at first, now becomes surface again, after 
having rested six years. Proceed in this manner 
alternately ; the one time trenching twenty inches 
deep, and the other thirty; by which means the 
surface will always be changed, and will rest six 
years, and produce three.” Here, then, we have a 
new soil every third year, and much less manure 
will be required, than when the soil is shallow 
ana cropped every year. It is not intended that the 
whole garden should be trenched over the same 
season, say only one-third or one-half, as may be 
convenient. 
Where vacant ground is trenched, and it is in¬ 
tended that the land shall lie fallow any time, it 
is advisable in digging trenches to turn up the earth 
roughly in ridges; forming parallel to each trench, 
a single ridge of the same width, in order that the 
soil may be the more effectually mellowed and 
renovated by the weather. 
Cropping is found to be of essential service, and 
is founded on the acknowledged fact that each sort 
of plants draws a somewhat different nourishment 
from the soil; so that after a full crop of one 
thing, one of another kind may often be immedi¬ 
ately planted or sown. “ Nothing tends more to 
relieve the soil, than a judicious succession of 
crops; for plants of different constitutions not only 
strike to different depths, and in different directions, 
with their roots, but the terminal fibres or feeders 
of the roots appear to take up separate and peculiar 
constituents of the soil, and to be indebted for sup¬ 
port to some property imparted by the earth in very 
differer.1 degrees. The duration of the vegetable, 
its short or protracted existence, is a great cause of 
diversity of effect as to the quantity of aliment 
drawn from the soil. Another mark of distinctness 
in constitution is the character of the root, as it may 
be fibrous and tender, or fibrous and woody,—or 
bulbous, or tuberous,—extended or compact ; ano¬ 
ther, the form and magnitude of the plant, and the 
proportion of fibrous or ligneous substance in the 
stem and branches. A fourth index of a separate 
nature is the succulency or hardness of the leaves, 
and the quantity of pulpy or farinaceous matter in 
the parts of fructification,—as the leaves may be 
the edible part before the plant is matured; or the 
seed vessels, as in pulse, may hold the produce for 
the table ; or the esculent part may consist of fruit, 
enclosing seeds. It is a rule, from which only ex¬ 
traordinary circumstances can warrant a departure, 
never to plant a new sort of perennial stool on the 
ground whence a plantation of the same, or a simi-. 
lar species, having w r orn itself out, has just before 
been removed.” Crops which strike deep, and 
occupy the ground long, should be succeeded by 
plants which pierce but a little way under the sur¬ 
face, and soon come off, from the short duration of 
their life. 
“ The management of a garden consists in atten¬ 
tion and application ; the first should be of that 
wary and provident kind, as not only to do w'ell in 
the present, but for the future ; and the application 
should be of so diligent a nature, as c never to defer 
that till to-morrow which may be done to-day.’ ” 
{Marshall.) 
Procrastination is of serious consequence in gar¬ 
dening; and neglect of times and seasons is fruit¬ 
ful of disappointment. It will often happen, in¬ 
deed, that a gardener cannot do what he would; 
but if he does not do what he can, he will be most 
justly blamed. Industry and steadiness are perhaps 
in no kind of life more necessary than in that of a 
gardener. Whole crops may be ruined by a day’s 
neglect, and not only whole crops, but the whole 
produce of a year or more. Unless a man also is 
endowed with attention, and has well cultivated 
that faculty, he can never excel in anything. 
Without an ever-active attention, a gardener will 
not see what is out of order or unsightly in his 
garden, and of course will not correct it. Many 
persons are so deficient in this respect, that their 
knowledge is confined to the few objects with 
which their mode of procuring a living obliges 
them to be conversant. Something more than this 
is wanting in a gardener who would be master of 
his business—he should excel in point of general 
observation and knowledge. L. T. T abbot. 
Destruction of Weeds in Paved Yards and 
Courts. —The growth of weeds between the stones 
of a pavement is often very injurious as well as 
unsightly. The following method of destroying 
them is adopted at the Mint at Paris and elsewhere, 
with good effect:—One hundred pounds of water, 
twenty pounds of quicklime, and two pounds ol 
flour of sulphur, are to be boiled in an iron vessel 
The liquor is to be allowed to settle, the clear part 
drawn off, and being more or less diluted, according 
to circumstances, is to be used for watering the 
alleys and pavements. The weeds will not re-ap 
pear for several years. 
