2 CATTLE IN SUMMER PASTURES.—EFFECT OF MARLING-AND^SeRATE ^OPsfjfclEREFORD CATTLE. 
^25f'bu'sh e^yp©8|acrej, thelb^est average being 
produced on £he unmarled, and the highest on the 
marled land. 
The above data from a close observer, shows the 
very low point which agriculture can reach by in¬ 
judicious management, and also the very great in¬ 
crease which may be attained by careful manage¬ 
ment. The best yields, considering the great 
number of acres cultivated, and on land reclaimed 
from a perfectly exhausted condition, exclusively 
by the use of marl, shows good management, and 
a rapid improvement. 
HEREFORD CATTLE. 
Among the various importations of improved 
stock, which have been made from time to time 
into this country, few are likely to become more 
distinguished, than the splendid herd of Herefords 
brought over here within the three past years, by 
Messrs. Corning and Sotham of Albany. We had 
merely seen a few specimens of them in the sum¬ 
mer of 1840, but had no idea of the large fine herd 
there till we visited it last December. We found 
them located on a beautiful farm lying on the 
west bank of the Hudson, about two miles below 
Albany, and in winter quarters. The buildings for 
their accommodation are not expensive, yet ample * 
with abundance of yard room open only to the 
south, and well protected on the other three sides 
by the barn and sheds. The arrangement of these 
buildings, both interior and exterior, struck us as 
among the most convenient we have ever seen, 
and we hope we may be furnished with a plan of 
them hereafter, to embellish a page or two of our 
paper. 
Since Youatt wrote his work on British Cattle, 
there has undoubtedly been a very great change 
for the better in Herefords; and we question 
whether any breed in England, has been more 
generally improved within the past twenty 
years. We must confess that we were greatly 
surprised at the superb show that they made, at 
the various agricultural society meetings which 
we recently attended in England, and certainly 
one of the finest lots of cattle we ever saw, was 
a large herd of pure Hereford steers, grazing upon 
the banks of the Thames, in the neighborhood of 
the magnificent old town of Oxford. As fat cattle, 
the Herefords have lately held a sharp rivalry 
with the Durhams, and their beef is in high favor 
in the London markets. They make no claim as 
yet to being great milkers; but this is a quality in 
the animals which can be improved, and we un¬ 
derstand the most eminent breeders are beginning 
ground prepared as above some lhree^year's*innc'e, 
he commenced sowing his wheaT in March, intend¬ 
ing to harrow it in as usual, the ground being 
tolerably well settled and dry. Before the sow¬ 
ing was finished, a violent snow-storm came on, 
which prevented harrowing in the grain, although 
the sowing was completed in the storm. A rain 
followed, which prevented any after harrowing, and 
then frosts set in, freezing the surface of the ground 
for some days. Mild weather soon succeeded, the 
wheat came up finely, grew vigorously, and pro¬ 
duced the best crop he ever raised. This accident 
was so successful, that he practised it the next 
year, by sowing before the frost left the ground, 
and the crop was like the last, a good one. 
The upheaving of the ground by the frost opens 
it for the reception of the seed ; when the frost 
leaves, it becomes pulverized and levelled down 
by its action, which sufficiently covers the seed 
and renders the harrow unnecessary. We have 
usually sowed our grass seed in this manner, and 
found that it took better than in any other way. 
Some farmers thus sow their rye and winter 
wheat, and although occasionally successful, it 
often fails, and we can not recommend the practice. 
The wheat used in the above experiment was the 
Siberian, a plump reddish berry on a short straw, 
and it is highly approved in the interior of this 
State. 
ARRANGING CATTLE IN SUMMER PASTURES. 
Oxen and steers may run together; cows, heif¬ 
ers, yearlings, and large weaned calves, each class 
by themselves. Bulls may run with oxen if not 
ill-tempered. Horses are better alone, and so are 
sheep. Pastures ought to be divided so as to ad¬ 
mit of a change, and it is very desirable to have 
every pasture watered with a running stream or 
spring. 
EFFECT OF MARLING AND MODERATE CROPS. 
We notice in Mr. Ruffin’s “Addendum” to his 
Essay on Calcareous Manures, that he has given a 
table of crops on his “ Coggin’s Point farm,” with 
slight interruption, from 1813 to 1842 inclusive, in 
which the number of acres in wheat were from 78 
to 250, and the average yield from 5 to 13| bush¬ 
els per acre. The smallest yield was produced on 
the smallest quantity of land, unmarled, while the 
largest yield (nearly 3 to 1 of the smallest) was 
produced the last season on the marled. The 
number of acres in corn during the same time, 
were from 70 to 188, and the average, from 81 to 
