DURHAM BULL LOCOMOTIVE.—ESPY S PATENT CONICAL VENTILATORS. 
151 
every year, for eight or ten years previous. To 
follow up this with such a crop as cotton, you will 
call rather a queer improving rotation ! But so it 
was- -even this change was of great advantage, 
as was proved by its being entirely exempt from 
rust, and affording a fine yield of cotton; while 
in that part of the cotton field proper (for you 
must know that few of us are troubled with a 
greater subdivision of our plantations, than a truck 
patch, a cow pen, a cotton and a corn field!) where 
cotton alone had been grown for many years, much 
of the crop was injured by rust, the oldest and the 
wettest land suffering most. 
Lime being death to fungus plants, I should 
suppose the application of it, in this instance, 
would be very beneficial. I will try it. In fact, 
I shall persevere until I discover the cause of rust , 
as also of rot. 
The crops of corn wear a most luxuriant and 
romising appearance. I only hope that we may 
ave dry weather enough soon, to allow of the 
impregnation of the ears: if it continues much 
longer to rain so steadily, the pollen will be washed 
from the tassel, without its being able to effect 
the object intended by nature. More grain of 
every kind, and especially corn, has been planted 
this year, than ever was put in before. 
Thomas Affleck. 
DURHAM BULL LOCOMOTIVE. 
We have received a letter from Mr. J. E. Letton, 
of Bourbon county, Kentucky, stating the superi¬ 
ority of his bull Locomotive, imported from the 
herd of Mr. Bates of Kirldeavington, England, in 
1841. From this we make the following extract:— 
‘‘As to Locomotive and his calves, I have won - 
the prize wherever I have showed them. His 
stock look fine, and handle superior to anything I 
ever saw west of the sea.” 
For the American Agriculturist . 
ESPY’S PATENT CONICAL VENTILATORS. 
This cheap, simple, and efficient apparatus is 
adapted to all purposes of ventilation. 
Basements and cellars, churches, court-rooms, 
steamboat cabins, school-rooms, hospitals, prisons, 
stables, vaults, dairies, &c., may, by its application, 
be rendered free from dampness and foul air : it is 
also an effectual cure for smoky chimneys. 
Deleterious gases, emitted by fires in fire-places 
attached to bad drawing chimneys, together with 
the chilly, damp atmosphere of most basements, 
even during dry, warm, summer weather, are the 
cause of much human suffering; especially in 
crowded cities. The gases in question, not unfre- 
quently produce vertigo, nausea, &c., while the 
chilly dampness of basements, by suddenly check¬ 
ing perspiration, often lays the foundation for severe 
colds, incipient fevers, and other diseases. 
These ventilators are confidently recommended 
as preventives of the dire effects of the above-de¬ 
scribed powerful, though subtle agents of disease 
Fig. 36. 
A practical Description of the above Sectional 
View. —Letter a denotes the top of a chimney; b, 
a cylindrical pipe, closely fitted with a rim and 
flange into the chimney; c, a cylindrical collar 
made to overlap about four inches, and large 
enough to turn freely around the pipe ; d, a hollow 
cone so fitted and secured to the collar c as to re¬ 
tain, when in use, a horizontal position; e, a vane 
to keep the cone pointed to the wind; f, a perpen¬ 
dicular, substantial iron rod or spindle for the cone 
and collar to revolve upon; «, a, b, b, c, c, e, ar¬ 
rows representing currents of air. 
Suppose the wind to blow as indicated by the 
arrows a, a, along the surface of the cone from its 
point to its base; on reaching the base of the cone 
it will converge as represented by the arrows b , b , 
c, c, and produce a partial vacuum at the mouth 
of the cone o, when a current of air will rush up 
the chimney a, as shown by the arrow e. 
This draft-generating principle may easily be 
tested with a miniature model made of paper, or 
other material. Let a small flock of cotton or some 
other light substance be placed at the bottom of 
the pipe b, then hold the cone horizontally, the 
pipe being perpendicular, with its point to the 
breeze, or blow a blast of breath upon it, when a 
