NORTHERN CALENDAR FOR AUGUST.—FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL NEWS. 
155 
well cultivated. Procure buds from your neighbors, 
even if at a distance of 10 to 20 miles, to choice fruit; 
the same labor will grow a tree producing a delicious 
fruit, as one of those little tasteless hard things too 
often seen. 
About the middle of this month, cotton will have 
sufficiently ripened and burst its covering, to permit 
your hands to average some 30 to 50 or 60 lbs. per 
day. When you can gather this amount, get ta it; 
you will save much of that which has opened from 
rain or injury, by hands passing between rows. Open 
the branches out to the sun, and a freer circula¬ 
tion of air, causing it to open sooner, and not to rot 
for want of the sun to open it, and you will be the bet¬ 
ter able to keep up with the opening. 
Top cotton early in this month, if not done the last 
of July. 
M. W. Philips. 
For the American Agriculturist. 
NORTHERN CALENDAR FOR AUGUST. 
Kitchen Garden. —Finish planting savory and other 
cabbages for late autumn and winter use. In the early 
part of the month spinach for fall use can be sown, 
and that for early spring use in the latter part of the 
month. To endure the winter well, the latter should 
be sown on dry, gravelly ground. Turneps for autumn 
or winter use should be sown in the early part of the 
month. Plant now a crop of late celery, and continue to 
throw up the earth to the growing crops of celery. Small 
sallading can still be sown every week. If the weather 
be favorable, peas and kidney beans may be planted in 
the early part of the month. They may produce a good 
crop, although the chances are somewhat against it. 
Lettuce for fall use can be sown and transplanted from 
former seed beds. Crops of melons and cucumbers 
should be kept particularly clean, and if the weather 
be very dry, moderately watered in the evening. Lima 
and Carolina beans hoe well, and all runners that trail 
upon the ground cut off; they only take sustenance 
from the bearing vines. The manure - heap should now 
be kept clear of weeds, which would otherwise ripen 
and grow in the ground on which the manure is placed 
the ensuing year. 
Fruit Garden and Orchard. —This month is the 
most suitable time for budding apples, pears, plums, 
cherries, nectarines, apricots, almonds, &c. Keep the 
ground entirely clear among the seedlings and small 
trees. 
Flower Garden and Pleasure Grounds. —Trans¬ 
plant from the seedling beds the various kinds of an¬ 
nual, biennial, and perennial flowers, that were not 
transplanted last month. Plant your bulbs which may 
be out of the ground, such as crocuses, colcluchens, 
narcissus, amaryllis, frittillarias, crown imperials, snow¬ 
drops, lilies, irises, and martagons. Also take up, 
separate, and transplant the roots of paeonias, flag-irises, 
and other tuberous-rooted flowers, whose leaves are 
decayed. Suckers that have been thrown up from 
fibrous-rooted plants can be taken off and transplanted. 
Collect and transplant flowering plants from the woods 
and fields, removing them with a ball of earth, and 
cutting off the flowering stems if there are any. Water 
freely all newly-planted flower-roots; cut down the 
stems of those that have bloomed; loosen the earth 
about potted plants ; clip hedges if omitted last month; 
mow the lawn once a fortnight; keep clean and in or¬ 
der the gravel-walks, flower-borders, and shrubbery. 
Trim and tie up straggling plants, and inoculate all 
you wish to propagate in that way. Gather flower 
seeds as they ripen; but let them remain in the pods 
until the season for sowing. 
FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL NEWS. 
By the steam-packet Caledonia, we have our files of 
European journals to the 4th July. 
Markets .—Cotton has fallen |d. per lb., and accounts 
from this side of the water, of the prospects of the com¬ 
ing crop being more favorable, together with the large 
stock on hand, has had a depressing effect upon the 
market. The import into Liverpool for the past six 
months amounted to 1,150 000 bales, against 826,000 
to the same period last season. The supply from the 
United States was 1,038,000, being an increase of 
354,000 bales. The stock on hand the 1st July, was 
912,000 bales, against 645,000 bales at the same time 
last year. The import and stock has been increased 
the last three days, by the further arrival of about 
60,000 bales of American cotton. American pro¬ 
visions of all kinds were fast overcoming the prejudice 
which interested people had got up against them, and 
were in good demand, with an upward tendency. In 
Beef, Pork, Lard, Butter, Cheese, Tallow, and Oil¬ 
cake, a heavy business was doing. American oil-cake 
has taken precedence over the French, and almost an¬ 
nihilated importations from that quarter. Little was 
doing in Grain and Flour; the market however was 
firm. 
Money is very abundant, and great difficulty existed 
on the part of capitalists to invest advantageously. It 
is not worth over 1| to 2\ per cent, per annum; and 
no doubt good unrepudiating American stocks will be 
soon sought for by European capitalists. Up to the 
present time, however, they are shy of pretty much all 
our securities for investment. The flow of specie to 
this country has nearly stopped. 
The weather was fine, and crops promising. 
At a meeting of the Roy. Ag. Society of England, on 
the 21st June, Lord Portman in the chair, the follow¬ 
ing communications were made:— 
Food Steamer. —Mr. Henry Colman, Agricultural 
Commissioner from the United States, presented to the 
Society a model and sectional drawing of Atwater’s 
Steam Generator, for domestic use, for cooking food 
for cattle, and for several other purposes to which 
steam may be applied. Mr. Colman entered into a 
minute explanation of the construction of this new 
steaming apparatus, and stated that the principal ad¬ 
vantages of the invention were the rapidity with which 
steam might be produced, the little cost of the machine, 
the small amount of fuel it required, and it3 portable¬ 
ness. 
Indian Com Sugar. —Mr. Colman likewise presented 
a sample of sugar made from the stalks of Indian Corn, 
or maize (Zea Mays). This was a fair sugar, and in the 
state in which it was taken from the pans after the evap¬ 
oration of the juice. Mr. Colman considered that this 
sugar might be made a valuable product wherever the 
Indian Corn could be grown; and stated that the plant, 
when sugar is to be made from it, is not allowed to 
ripen, or form its seed, and that the stalk only is used. 
The leaves or blades, and top of the stalk, called the 
spindle, may be saved for fodder, and the stalks, after 
they have been pressed, will furnish feed for cattle, 
Mr. Coleman remarked that it had been already ascer¬ 
tained that more than one thousand pounds of sugar 
can be obtained from a single acre, and he had no 
doubt that probably double that amount would event¬ 
ually be obtained by proper cultivation and manage¬ 
ment, the manufacture being yet in its infancy; but 
that in respect to cost, quality, and the facility with 
which farmers may supply themselves with this im¬ 
portant article of domestic consumption, the best results 
might confidently be anticipated. The sample then 
