$G6 
THE Sl'HAWBEMEt. 
The article manufactured by the foregoing pro¬ 
cess is known in Europe and the United States as 
muscovado or brown sugar, and is the material 
from which white or loaf sugar is often made* 
There is another class of sugar manufactured 
here, known by the name of clayed sugar, which, 
however, is more generally made in the neighbor¬ 
hood of Havana, Matanzas, and the older settled 
parts of the island, where also more attention is 
paid to modem improvements, the introduction of 
the steam engine, and other facilities in the manu¬ 
facture of sugar, 
X Browne, 
For the American Agriculturist , 
THE STRAWBERRY,— Concluded. 
Astoria, July 17, 1843. 
I do not wish to be understood as saying that 
strawberries (the large ones especially) are not 
frequently to be found without their stamens, and 
therefore called female, and perhaps sometimes 
without their pistils, and thence called male, and 
again with calices and petals, without either sta¬ 
mens or pistils; but they are lusus naturae, or 
abortions, caused, as the writer believes, from 
over cultivation. They can never, as now cultiva¬ 
ted, produce an abundant crop, for they have not 
the necessary parts on the same plant, which are, 
as a general rule, essential to produce fruit. 
Though any strawberry can be impregnated with 
pollen from another or distant plant, I admit this 
principle, if not universal, is very general, the 
progeny is mongrel if the plants differ; and even 
plants not of the same class and order will, to 
some extent, breed; for instance, the rhododen¬ 
dron and azalia produce what has been called the 
rhododendron azaloides, while the first is decan- 
dr ia monpgynia, and the last pentandria mono- 
gynia ; this production is not mongrel, but mule. 
Mr. L. asserts as stated, that the Hudson straw¬ 
berry will not impregnate certain other varieties. 
To have tried his experiment effectually, it should 
have been repeated many different times and sea¬ 
sons. He should have been certain that two differ¬ 
ent plants had, when the trial was made, arrived 
at precisely the same maturity. The gardeners 
who produce varieties bring two plants together, 
and continue them so growing. They early remove 
the anthers of the plant to be impregnated, for fear 
they may perform the duty; they then watch the 
bursting of the anthers on the male plant, and some¬ 
times, with a sharp tooth-pick, remove the exu¬ 
ding pollen to, and deposite it in the ready stigma. 
All this must be many times repeated, always in 
the “ nick of time,” before we can say the straw¬ 
berry belongs to the dicecian class, having males 
on one plant, and females on another, or that such 
a state is the proper one to grow it in. 
Now the rhododendron and azalia have filled 
our woods, “ cheek by jowl,” from the creation of 
the world, and yet not until we sent these plants 
to England, and they were placed under charge of 
an English gardener, could they be instigated to 
such an unnatural act of concupiscence. But after 
all, it is not quite so bad as to make the poor fe¬ 
male strawberry break up all its little family air-* 
rangements, and separate from its natural protec¬ 
tors, creating a neighborhood of nine female domi¬ 
cils to be visited by one stranger. There is a va¬ 
riety of sweet William, too, supposed to be pro¬ 
duced by an intimacy with a carnation. 
After what is stated of the rhododendron and 
azalia, the sweet William and carnation, and 
many other plants might be added, it will be con¬ 
sidered, the writer fully admits, that the strawber¬ 
ry pollen may be wafted by winds, carried by in¬ 
sects, or removed by man, so as to impregnate all 
the varieties of the strawberry, but at the same 
time, he is of opinion that the strawberry is not, 
and can not be, so impregnated to produce a crop. 
The strawberry has a large number, probably 
fifty or more, pistils, with their styles or tubes; 
every seed requires for its formation a stigma, and it 
requires the pollen to impregnate it. Now nature 
makes twenty stamens, and bursts their pollen im¬ 
mediately over the stigma or female parts of each 
plant, They may be said to be created in cover¬ 
ture. Yet if, with all this nice arrangement, the 
large kinds, as grown, do not regularly fecundate, 
(for it is thought they have generally the male and 
female parts to some extent,) can it be possible 
that the strawberry would be made productive by 
getting into a breed of them, on which the sexual 
parts were in different plants ? As a general rule, 
the arrangement of Providence preserves all the 
different species of animals and plants distinct,‘ 
now among plants this principle could not be car¬ 
ried out, if one plant could readily fecundate other 
plants. And it is not necessary, since the propa¬ 
gation is made to go on by the sexual parts being, 
in almost all cases, on the same plants. 
The writer believes, though he has no written 
authority for it, that, at least as a general rule, 
the Seed of the natural plants give like seed or 
fruit. That is, that the acorn of America gives its 
own species only ; that other nuts and forest trees 
follow the same rule. He knows of the varieties 
of locust and acacia growing and flowering togeth¬ 
er, and seeds coming up, but no new varieties. 
In the vegetable garden, you find that without 
care or attention, the varieties of cabbage, radish, 
turnep, onion, bean, spinach, lettuce, &c., are 
seeded and grow with different varieties, closer 
together than the one male in ten, would place the 
strawberry, and yet all preserving their distinct 
character. The gourd family, squash, melon, &c., 
are very apt to mix; they present a large funnel- 
shaped blossom, which accounts for it; though 
they do not often double, yet, in a late instance, 
all the flowers on a melon-vine were exhibited in 
England in a double state. The Indian corn, too, 
mixes readily. Providence has given a superabun¬ 
dance of pollen from the tops of the corn, so as 
almost to cover the ground. Here is the hand of 
a good gardener ; each of the two hundred kernels 
of an ear of corn must have the pollen (or male 
part) to form the kernel, for the kernel or seed 
of corn is the valuable part. 
We eat the seed of none of the garden produc¬ 
tions, nor of the fruits, but their tubers and pulp. 
To preserve all the seed without loss is not as ma¬ 
terial in most plants as in the corn; yet if the cob 
