298 
SIXTEENTH ANNUAL SHOW OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 
to the end of its career, which, if our life and 
health be spared by a kind Providence, we intend 
shall be a long one. We hope that those who 
have so generously sustained us so far, will, con¬ 
tinue their kind offices, and that others whose 
eye may meet this paragraph, will not remain be¬ 
hind them in the good cause of disseminating a 
work so well calculated as this to promote an im¬ 
proved and enlightened system of Agriculture. 
Review of Leibig.— We finish Dr. Mohl’s 
searching Review of Leibig in the present number. 
We recommend the concluding paragraphs espe¬ 
cially to the attention of our readers; for while 
the last accords to this distinguished chemist, 
seemingly, all that he can justly claim, the prece¬ 
ding one exposes his apparently hasty conclusions 
and mistakes with no little severity. We shall 
look for Leibig’s reply to this with no little inter¬ 
est, and shall be glad if he can show substantial 
reasons for all his bold assertions. 
Salt and Lime for Stock. —We see that the 
American Farmer recommends equal parts of salt 
and lime mixed to give to stock. We always sup¬ 
posed lime injurious to animals taken internally, 
and on this account, have often heard objections to 
using salt for stock made from one of the springs 
at Syracuse. Will the Farmer please inform us 
why lime is thus used, and what are its benefits ? 
Postage. —We trust that every freeman in these 
States will use his influence with the representa¬ 
tives and senators of Congress, to have the exor¬ 
bitant rates of postage cut down, and the franking 
privilege entirely abolished. We are informed 
upon good authority, that seven eighths of the 
weight of the mails now are franked; thus a prac¬ 
tical aristocratic feature is introduced into our re¬ 
publican system, taxing the many for the benefit 
of the few. If government or any of its officers 
wish a letter or pamphlet carried by mail, we say, 
let them, pay for it the same as any private indi¬ 
vidual. We think that the charges for carrying 
letters, newspapers, pamphlets, and all mailable 
matter, should be regulated by the ounce ; and we 
see no reason to alter our proposition of rates from 
those heretofore expressed in this paper, unless 
upon trial it should be found that they could be 
carried cheaper, viz:— 
5 cents per ounce for all letters 100 miles and 
under. 
10 cents “ “ over 100 miles and 
under 500. 
15 cents “ “ over 500 miles. 
For the purpose of encouraging the diffusion of 
knowledge among the people, papers and pamph¬ 
lets should not be charged above half a cent per 
ounce, the United States over. We are confident 
that under such a system, a greater revenue would 
accrue to the Post Office than at present. Every 
one now feels that the rates of postage are an 
odious and unjust tax, and they conspire to evade 
it in all possible ways. 
LIST OF PREMIUMS 
Awarded at the 1 6th Annual Show of the American In~ 
.stitute, October, 1843. 
Agricultural and Horticultural Department. 
Horses. 
Stallions. —Hezekiah Wetinore, West Chester co., 
N. Y., best stallion—silver cnp. Henry Vandenvater, 
New York, for 2d do.—diploma. 
Brood Mares. —Robert L. Stevens, Hoboken,. N. J., 
best brood mare, Polly Hopkins—silver cup. John H. 
Coster, New York, brood mare, Gulnare—silver medal. 
Henry Watson, East Windsor, Ct., brood mare, Betsy 
Wilson—diploma : a silver cup having been before 
awarded. John A. Pool, New Brunswick, N. J., brood 
mare Indiana—diploma : a silver cup having been be¬ 
fore awarded. C. M. Hall, Harlem, N. Y., young brood 
mare, Young Lady Light-Foot—diploma. Alexander 
Benedict, Staten Island, N. Y., gray mare—diploma. 
Colts. —Robert L. Stevens, Hoboken, N. J., best colt 
—silver cup. 
Jacks. 
John A. Pool, New Brunswick, N. J., best jack— 
diploma : a silver cup awarded last year. 
Mules. 
Robert L. Stevens, Hoboken, N. J., best pair of 
mules—silver cup. 
Improved Breeds of Cattle. 
Bulh, 2 years old and upward. —George Vail, Troy, 
N. Y., best Durham bull, Meteor—silver cup. Henry 
Hull, best Devon bull—silver cup. 
Bulls, 1 year old. —George M. Woolsey, Hurlgate 
Neck, N. Y., best Durham bull, Jupiter—silver cup. 
Bull Calves. —Wm. Gibbons, Madison, N. J., best 
Durham bull calf—silver medal. 
Cows. —Thomas Addis Emmet, Mt. Vernon, N. Y., 
best Durham Cow, Celeste—silver cup. 
Heifers. —Wm. Pirnie, Harrisontown, N. J., best 
Durham heifer, Victoria—silver cup. 
Heifer Calves. —Wm. Gibbons, Madison, N. J., best 
Durham heifer calf—silver medal. 
Native Stock. 
Cows. —John R. Peters, New York, best native cow 
—silver cup. 
Heifers. —Joseph Clowes, Harsimus, N. J., best na¬ 
tive heifer—silver medal. 
Bull Calves. —Bethuel Brackett, New Haven, Ct., 
best native bull calf—silver medal. 
Working Oxen. —Benajah Ives, Cheshire, Ct., best 
pair of working oxen—silver cup. Lambert Wyckoff, 
Bushwick, L. I., 2d best pair of working oxen—silver 
medal. 
Special Awards. 
Bulls. —Wm. Gibbons, Madison, N. J., Durham bull, 
Zero—silver cup. John A. Pool, New Brunswick, N. 
J., Durham bull, Carter—silver cup. 
Cows. —Henry Whitney, New Haven, Ct., Durham 
heifer, Cornelia—silver cup. Henry Smith, Astoria, 
L. I., a cow of great milking qualities—silver cup. 
Sheep. 
Long Wools. —George Monteith, Albany, N. Y., best 
buck, Cotswold breed—silver cup. Charles Black- 
bourne, Bedford, L. I., best ewe, Lincolnshire breed— 
silver cup. Charles Blackbourne, Bedford, L. I., best 
lamb—silver medal. 
Middle Wools. —Obadiah Elliot, Middleham, N. J., 
best buck, Southdown breed—silver cup. Francis M. 
