NATURAL HISTORY. 
19 
SALOON.] 
musks ( Moschus ), which have thick tubular rigid hair, the metatarsus 
hairy behind, and the abdomen of the males has a gland inclosed in a 
pouch, which secretes the substance called musk. The Meminna and 
the pelandocs ( Tragulus) have soft silky hair, but the metatarsus of the 
first is hairy behind with a round bald space on the upper part of the 
outer side, and of the latter is bald the whole of its length. 
The tribe of Deer ( Cervina , Cases 47—50) have the processes of the 
frontal bones produced at certain periods, and after a time they fall off and 
are again produced, increasing in size with the age of the animal; when 
first developed they are covered with a hairy skin, which lasts whilst they 
are growing, but after a time dries up and peels off. They have the same 
kind of teeth and hoofs as the antelopes. They are divided into various 
genera by the form of the horns and the disposition and developement of 
the glands on the side of the hinder legs. Most have the muffle bald, as 
the muntjac ( Muntjacus ) of Asia, which has the horns placed on a 
long pedicel formed by a process of the frontal bone; the brocket 
( Coassus) of America, which have only simple horns; the Mazama of 
America, which has the horns bent round towards each other, with 
branches on the upper edge. Others have horns forked, as the roe¬ 
buck ( Capreolus ), which has no basal branch; and the stag, with 
three frontal branches; the axis with a basal and a superior but no medial 
process; and the fallow-deer (Z)ama), which has the tip of the horns 
expanded and toothed on the edge. The reindeer ( Tarandus ) and the 
elk ( Alces ) have the muffle hairy; the former has an expanded basilary 
branch and a branched tip, the latter has a very broad expanded muffle 
with a bald central space, and the horns are palmated and toothed in 
front without any basilary branch. 
There is a series of the horns of these animals, placed for the present 
over the Bird Cases in the Eastern Zoological Gallery. 
The family of Horses (Equine) have the two middle toes soldered 
together and covered with a semicircular hoof; they have six cutting 
teeth in each jaw; the upper lip is w'hole and mobile, without any 
distinct muffle; their stomach is simple, and they use their hind feet 
in defence ; as the horse ( Equus ), which has its tail covered with long 
hair to its base, and a wart on the insides of its fore and hind legs. 
They are generally pale spotted. . The ass ( Asinus ), which has the end 
of its tail alone furnished with long hair, and warts only on the inside of 
the fore legs; the Asiatic species have a dorsal stripe, and none or only 
a single cross band, while the zebras of Africa have the body more or 
less banded or striped. These animals are in the centre of the room. 
The second division of hoofed beasts have three, four, or five nearly 
equal short toes, covered with long or large claw T s. The bones of the 
metacarpus and metatarsus are usually separate, and they have the cutting 
teeth, canines and grinders, if present, close together, as the families of 
elephants, armadillos, and sloths. 
The family of Elephants (Elephantine, Case 52) have the cutting 
teeth and canines generally distinct, often very large, one or the other 
being rarely wanting; the grinders are transversely ridged; the toes va¬ 
riable in number, covered w T ith a hoof; their skin is thick, and covered 
with scattered rigid hairs. The nose of some is produced into a pro¬ 
boscis, and the nasal bones are enlarged to support the muscles of the 
