20 NATURAL HISTORY. [MAMMALIA 
trunk. These animals being large, are mostly placed on the floor of the 
room. 
In the tribe of Elephants ( Elephantina ) the proboscis is cylindrical, 
prehensile, very mobile, ending in a finger-like lobe; the upper canine 
teeth are very long, and there are no cutting teeth; as the elephant 
(Elephas) of Asia, with narrow transverse ridges on the teeth; the 
African elephant (Loxodonta) with lozenge-shaped ridges on the grinders 
and very large ears; and the Mastodon with very tubercular ridges to 
the grinders. There is a skeleton of the Asiatic Elephant on the floor. 
The tribe of Tapirs ( Tapirina ) have a short mobile but scarcely 
prehensile trunk, which is simple at the end; they have six cutting teeth 
and small canines in each jaw, as the tapir of America and Asia. The 
young are spotted, the adult not so. 
In the remainder of this family the nose is truncated and mobile, or blunt 
and not extended into a proboscis; as the tribe of pigs, ( Suina, Case 52,) 
which have the nose prolonged and cartilaginous, truncate at the end, 
where it is strengthened by button-shaped bones, which allow these ani¬ 
mals to use their noses to turn up the ground, and thus get at their food. 
They have three or four toes on each foot, the two middle ones being 
large and the side ones small or wanting. The grinders are tubercular, 
and the canines large, often exserted. The tail is distinct, and the 
bristles are strong. The genera from the Old World have four toes on 
each foot; the stomach and back are simple, as the boar ( Sus ), babi- 
rousa ( Babirousa ), warty pig ( Choir opotamus), and the ^Ethiopian hog 
(Phacochcerus) ; the peccary ( Dicotyles ), found in America, on the 
contrary, has four toes on the fore and three on the hinder foot, the. 
inner one being absent; their stomach is contracted into pouches, and 
they have a large odorous gland on the back. 
The tribe of Rhinoceroses ( Phinocerina ) have a very blunt rounded 
nose. They have seven grinders in each jaw, and large siipple sto¬ 
machs. The rhinoceros has three toes on each foot, a very thick skin, 
often forming folds, and the nose is armed with one or two solid horns, 
which are formed of agglutinated hairs. The hyrax, ( Hyrax , Case 52,) 
which has been mistaken for a cavy, because it has a soft fur, has all the 
internal organization of the former, but it has four toes on its fore and 
three on the hind feet, and the nose is simple; it has also bristles inter¬ 
mixed with the fur. 
The tribe of hippopotami ( Hippopotamina ) have a very broad rounded 
muzzle, with seven tubercular grinders in each jaw, and large exserted 
canines. They have four toes on each foot, inclosed in small hoofs, and 
the skin is nearly naked, as the hippopotamus. 
The family of Armadilloes ( Das ypidje, Cases 52 and 53) have no true 
cutting or canine teeth, and sometimes even no grinders ; the teeth 
when present are rootless. They have a distinct tail, their limbs are 
proportionate, and their toes are armed with long conical hoofs. The 
bodies of some are covered with hard plates, which allow the animal to 
roll itself up and thus protect itself from external injury, as the manis 
and armadillo. 
The tribe of Manises ( Manina, Case 52), which is confined to the 
Old World, have their bodies covered with separate imbricate scales, 
formed of the united hairs; they have no teeth, live on ants, and walk on 
