SO NATURAL HISTORY. [EAST. ZOOL. 
Africa. They inhabit the low grounds or forests, generally in flocks, 
feeding on the berries of various plants, and sometimes upon insects. 
Most of them are remarkable for the beauty of their plumage during 
the breeding season. The Caterpillar-eaters ( Campephagince, Case 59) 
have strong short arched bills, with the base broad and a few bristles; 
their wings long and pointed; their tail moderate, emarginated in the 
middle, and rounded on the sides. They are found in India, Africa, 
and South America, where they feed upon caterpillars, which thev col¬ 
lect upon the highest trees. The Drongos ( Dicrurince , Case 59) have 
the bill broad at the base and compressed towards the tip; the culmen 
is gradually arched and bent over the lower mandible ; their wings long 
and more or less pointed ; their tail lengthened and generally forked. 
They inhabit Africa, Asia, and Australia, and live on insects. Some 
.species are remarkable for their power of song, which is as sweet as the 
Nightingale’s. 
The family of Butcher-birds (Laniam:, Cases 60 and 61) have 
strong compressed bills with a deep notch at the tip of the upper man¬ 
dible ; they inhabit both the Old and New World, feeding on insects 
and young birds. The Butcher-birds ( Laniance , Case 60). Their 
bills are generally short, with the tooth of the upper mandible very pro¬ 
minent ; their lateral toes equal and free. They are found in* most 
parts of the world, generally in small flocks, pursuing grasshoppers, in¬ 
sects, young frogs and small birds, which they impale on thorns, pull 
to pieces, and devour at their leisure. The Bush Shrikes ( Thamno- 
philince, Case 61) have the bill generally lengthened, and emarginated 
and hooked like those of the last division. They are inhabitants of 
Australia, Africa, and South America. 
The Conirostral birds ( Coniuostres) have a strong conical bill with 
the tip slightly emarginated or entire, and live chiefly on grain and 
fruit. 
The family of Crows (Corvlcle, Cases 6*2—64) have a strong bill, 
compressed on the sides, and the nostrils covered with stiff feathers, tfhich 
incline forwards. The PhonygamincE ( Case 62) have lengthened bills, 
with the culmen smooth and rounded, which scallop out a circular notch 
in the feathers of the forehead ; their nostrils linear and exposed. They 
inhabit Australia, New Guinea, &c. They pursue small birds, and are 
very noisy and clamorous. The Jays ( Garrulince , Case 62) have the 
bill rather short, terminating suddenly, and nearly equally curved; their 
wings are short and rounded; their lateral toes unequal in length. 
These birds generally live in the forests of various parts of the world. 
They feed on fruits, worms, &c. The Crows ( Corvince , Case 62) 
have strong bills more or less arched; their wings are lengthened and 
pointed ; their feet are strong and formed for walking. They inhabit 
various parts of the world, are generally seen on the ground, searching 
lor carrion, worms, &c. They are very cunning, and their sense of 
smell is very powerful. The Callceatince ( Case 63) have a short ele¬ 
vated bill, whose upper mandible is arched, and the base furnished with 
velvet feathers. They are inhabitants of Africa, Asia, and Australia. 
Generally seen on the ground, feeding on insects and berries. The 
Gymnoderince ( Case 64). Their bills are straight and depressed, wide 
at the base, and narrowed towards the tip. These singular birds are 
peculiar to South America, and are principally frugivorous. The 
