NATURAL HISTORY. 
170 
[north 
tacite and are now more generally designated by the name of epidote, 
given to them by Haiiy. To this also belongs the manganesiferous epi¬ 
dote , considered by some as an ore of manganese.— Cummingtonite. _. 
Zoisite.— Among the specimens of idocrase (vesuvian of Werner), the 
more conspicuous are the large beautiful crystals (the unibinaire of 
Haiiy), discovered by Laxmann on the banks of the Vilui in Kamschatka, 
embedded in a steatitic rock; those from Vesuvius, where this substance 
occurs accompanied by other volcanic ejections, have, in Italy, obtained 
the name of Vesuvian gems, hyacinths, and chrysolites; the varieties 
called egerane, loboite , and that from Tellemarken in Norway, coloured 
blue by oxide of copper, and known by the name of cyprine;—essonite 
(kessonite ) or cinnamon-stone, chiefly from Ceylon, which was supposed 
to contain zirconia, till a more accurate analysis proved it to be nearly 
allied to vesuvian : most of the hyacinths of commerce are cinnamon- 
stone. 
Case 36. The greater part of this Case is appropriated to the various 
species and varieties of the garnet tribe, formerly divided into noble and 
common garnets. Among the more distinct chemical species now 
established are : —the pyrope or chrome garnet, generally called Bohe¬ 
mian garnet, which occurs in rounded grains, and also embedded in ser¬ 
pentine, &c. the colophonite, so called from its resemblance to rosin, 
from Norway and North America the melanite , found particularly in 
the neighbourhood of Frascati;—the grossular or Wilui garnet, a fine 
light-green species from Kamschatka, so called from the fancied resem¬ 
blance which its separate crystals bear to a gooseberrythe allochroite, 
also called splintery garnet, from Drammen, in Norway;—the roman- 
zovite. In this Case are also deposited—the gehlenite, from the Mon- 
zoni in Tyrol, to which species the melilite from Capo di Bove, near 
Rome, is referred by some mineralogists ;—the iolite or pelioma, now 
generally called dichroite (from its exhibiting two different colours when 
viewed in different positions), massive and crystallized, from Capo di 
Gate, from Greenland, Bodenmais in Bavaria, and Orayervi in Finland 
(steinheilite) ;—the sordawalite from Finland;—the karpholite from 
Bohemia, &c. * 
Case 37. This Case contains the following substances :— staurolite , 
a bisilicate of alumina and of oxide of iron, called also granatite and 
cross-stone, among the specimens of which are the fine macled crystals 
from Brittany, and the modifications of the simple crystals from St. Go- 
thard, accompanied by prisms of disthene, perfectly similar to those of 
the staurolite, and sometimes longitudinally grown together with them. 
—Silicates containing yttria and protoxide of cerium; viz. the gadolinite, 
from Ytterby and Kararfvet in Sweden; the allanite from Greenland (to 
which may be referred the cerine of Bastnaes); the orthite and pyror- 
thite. 
Silicates containing glucina, the principal species of which is the 
emerald, or beryl, the former being a variety which owes its fine green, 
colour to oxide of chromium : from Santa Fe, from Mount Zahara in 
Egypt, and from Heubachthal in Salzburg, embedded in mica slate 
beryls of various colours, the more common of which is the variety 
called aquamarine; the perfectly white and limpid, and fine oil green 
varieties from the isle of Elba, and from Nerchinsk and Odontchelong in 
Siberia; the large beryls of Limoges, and from Acworth in New Hamp* 
