58 
NATURAL HISTORY. [NEW BUILDING. 
behind into a leaf; their teeth are acutely tubercular, 
and their index finger is not clawed. 
The true Leaf-nosed kinds ( Phyllostomina ) have the 
nasal disk expanded into a distinct leaf, which is simple 
behind, and pierced with the nostrils in front; they are 
peculiar to warm climates. Those which are only found 
in the New World are peculiar among bats for having 
four joints to their middle finger ; their forehead is simple, 
and their ears lateral. Those of this group which live 
on insects have an entire under lip, with a small tri¬ 
angular smooth place in front. Some of these have no 
tail, and a large truncated femoral membrane, as Yarn- 
pyrus , Carollia , and Lophostoma ; others have the inter- 
femoral membrane deeply notched, as Arctibeus and 
Brachyphylla . Phyllostoma has a short tail on the upper 
side of the membrane ; and Macrophyllum has a long tail, 
extended to the tip of the truncated membrane. Those 
which live on blood, (which they suck from living animals, 
especially during their sleep, and have hence been called 
Vampyres ,) have a deep cut in the centre of the front of 
the low r er lip, which is often fringed, into which their 
elongated tongue is fitted. The head is elongated, and 
the chin is covered with reflexed whiskers. Among these 
the true Glossophaga are peculiar for having no tail. The 
Monophylli and Phyllophorce have a short tail, with the 
tip on the back of the truncated membrane; and the 
Anource have neither tail nor membrane. Tlie Steno- 
dermce are like the latter, but their nose leaf is double; 
they are said to have no grinders, and a simple intestinal 
tube. Those which are found in the Old World, like the 
rest of the Bats, have only three joints to the middle 
finger. Some, as Rkinopoma , have a large pit on the 
forehead, and the ears are large and close together. Me¬ 
gaderma and Lavia have a simple forehead and large ears, 
which are united together over the forehead ; they have 
no tail, very large interfemoral membranes, and wings. 
The Horse-shoe Bats ( Rhinolophina) have the nasal 
disk expanded into a leaf behind, and with a pit or pro¬ 
cess between the nostrils in front. In the genus Ariteus 
the nose-disk is large, with a deep pit between the nos¬ 
trils ; they have no tail, and their interfemoral mem- 
