NATURAL HISTORY- 
189 
GALLERY.J 
wall, Saxony, &c.— Phosphate of yttria , or phosphyttrite, 
a very scarce mineral substance, first found in the granite 
of Lindenas in Norway, and subsequently, in equally small 
quantities, at Ytterby in Sweden.— Phosphate of copper, 
of which the best characterised species are—the octahedral, 
or libethenite, from Libethen in Hungary; and the pris¬ 
matic, or rhenite, from Rheinbreitenbach, where it occurs 
with quartz which sometimes passes into calcedony. 
Case 55. Part of this case is occupied by the remaining 
phosphates. Phosphate of iron, Werner's vivianite, in vari¬ 
ously grouped crystals (from Bodenmais in Bavaria, from 
Cornwall, from Fernando Po, &c.), massive and pul¬ 
verulent : among the specimens of the latter are the massive 
variety of New Jersey, and several earthy blue varieties in 
clay, peat, wood, &c.: the chalcosiderite of Ullmann, Wer¬ 
ner's green iron earth, and Thomson’s mullicite, are likewise 
phosphates of iron.— Phosphate of manganese or triplite, 
from Chanteloube, near Limoges, in the department of 
Haute Vienne in France, where several other mineral sub¬ 
stances have lately been found, the essential component 
parts of which are iron, manganese, and phosphoric acid. 
— Triphyline, a phosphate of iron, manganese and lithia, 
triplite; delvauxite, &c.— Phosphates of alumina, to which 
belong—the wavellite, a substance which was originally mis¬ 
taken for a hydrate of pure alumina, and therefore called 
hy dr argillite, from Devonshire, Ireland, Brazil, Greenland, 
from Amberg in Bavaria (called lasionite), from Aussig in 
Bohemia, on sand stone, &c.—the klaprothite, called also 
blue spar , and lazulite, and therefore sometimes confounded 
with the lapis lazuli in Case 37;—together with some other 
substances of which no exact analyses have as yet been pub¬ 
lished, though they are known to be chiefly composed of 
alumina, in combination with phosphoric acid, such as—the 
calaite, or real turquois ( < firuzah in Persian), an opaque gem 
found chiefly at Nishapur, in the province of Khorasan, Per¬ 
sia, in nodules or as small veins traversing a ferrugino-argil- 
laceous rock, and greatly esteemed on account of its beau¬ 
tiful blue colour, which will in most cases be sufficient to 
distinguish it "both from the blue silicate of copper (Case 
26) and from fossil bones (particularly teeth) impregnated 
with blue phosphate of iron or carbonate of copper (the 
