218 
NORTHERN CALENDAR FOR JULY. 
ture, to be sown in September or October with rye. 
Plowing will be unnecessary, the fall of the leaves will 
cover the ground, and the grain will spring up and give 
a fine bite for the winter. Make artificial pools in 
your pastures for stock, if there are no natural ones. 
Prepare a turnep-patch, either old ground by ma¬ 
nuring high and plowing, or a piece of new ground. 
The cotton-gathering season is now rapidly approach¬ 
ing; prepare basket and sacks to pick in, all leisure 
time, especially all wet days. Top cotton the last of this 
month, either by pinching off the tender top part of the 
plants, or cut off with a knife. Repair buildings, and 
fences about fields; rake up leaves and haul on the 
land; gather manure and house it under sheds or give 
it a coating of earth. 
If there are showers, plant French beans; sow more 
endive; prepare the ground for transplanting cabbages 
that are coming on, in the last of this month. If the 
weather be very dry and the soil unfit to work, prepare 
drills two feet apart, and about eight inches deep, and 
pour into them some cow-dung water. Transplant 
your cabbages into those drills and leave them four or 
five days without watering. Then repeat the operation 
with the manure-water once more, and there will be no 
danger of the plants burning up. Should the season 
be rainy this precaution will be unnecessary. Sow 
more carrot-seed and proceed as directed in June. 
NORTHERN CALENDAR FOR JULY. 
Finish hoeing out your corn, potatoes, and all other 
crops, and make early preparation for harvesting. See 
that your tools are all in order, and a full supply of 
each. Get the best you can procure. A man may 
earn the extra cost of a good scythe or cradle, in a sin¬ 
gle day’s work, besides the promotion of good morals, 
by the better humor he is kept it. Get rakes and 
pitch-forks which you know wont break by fair usage ; 
by all means prepare a horse-rake, which may be made 
as simple as a hoe. A man with a steady horse, may 
do the work of 8 men with one. 
Clover should be cut while just going out of bloom, 
when the heads are partially turned brown. It ought 
never to be spread. Let it lie in the swath till wilted: 
if they are very large or heavy, they may be turned 
over after the upper side is sufficiently dried. As soon 
as this is done, let them be raked into winrows, and 
soon after cocked in small high piles. This should 
always be done the first day, and if very hot, may be 
done within a few hours after cutting. Let it stand in 
these cocks till it has sweat and become cool, and com¬ 
paratively dry. It may then be taken into the barn or 
stacked, and well salted. Lucerne is to be treated in 
the same way. Timothy and red-top should not be cut 
till the seed is in full milk, so that it will ripen after 
being cut. It ought never to get so ripe as to shell 
when fed out. These may be exposed to the sun longer 
than clover, but less than is usually practised. Our 
hay is frequently dried too much, and some who never 
spread their hay from the swath, much prefer it thus 
cured. It is better to allow it to cure in the cock, 
when it is always safe against sun, dew, and rain. 
Grass ought never to be exposed to the dew while 
spread. A few days of sun and dew while thus ex¬ 
posed, render it almost worthless. Hay may always be 
carried into the mow or stack sooner, by using salt 
freely: at the rate of four quarts to the ton is our rule. 
Besides lessening the risk from rain, the salt is always 
worth much more than its cost for the cattle and ma¬ 
nure, and it will thus confer a triple benefit by answer¬ 
ing successively the purposes of each. j 
Much of the wheat, oats, and barley may be harvest¬ 
ed this month. The cleanest fields, or portions of them, 
should be selected for seed, but not the heaviest or 
largest growth. Seed is better if grown on moderate¬ 
ly poor land, than on the best. Prof. Sprengel has 
shown from experiments, that grain matured on the 
richest land, though eminently fitted for food, contains 
too much gluten for seed ; while that which is pro¬ 
duced from poor land has a greater proportion of starch, 
which is the natural food for the young plant. The 
part thus selected should be allowed to mature the 
seed fully while standing; the grain intended for con¬ 
sumption, ought to be cut while the berry is yet soft, in 
the dough state. Such grain will produce more flour, 
and of a better quality than when dead ripe, besides 
being much less liable to shelling and waste. After 
moderate exposure to sun, rake up in bundles, or if 
well ripened, rake up at once, and bind soon after, 
when if it requires additional curing it may be finished 
in the shock. If put in stacks, these should be care¬ 
fully placed beyond the reach of vermin, and so ar¬ 
ranged as to have a circulation of air upward through 
the centre of the stack, to avoid mould and injury to 
the grain. The utmost care in stacking ought always 
to be used, to avoid injury from rain, and blowing down 
from high winds. 
Kitchen Garden. —Cabbages of the several varie¬ 
ties can now be planted for late crops. Moist weather 
should be selected for this purpose, and the plants im¬ 
mediately and frequently watered, until they are well 
rooted. Melons, squashes, pumpkins, &c., ought to be 
carefully hoed, and kept entirely free from weeds; 
otherwise, they will not produce good fruit. Melons 
and cucumbers for pickles can be sown in the early 
part of this month. Sow kidney-beans, small salad, 
carrots, turneps, and spinach, for fall and winter use. 
Celery should be planted out in trenches ; and some va¬ 
rieties of radishes and peas may be sown with reason¬ 
able prospect of success, if the season should prove 
moist. Egg-plants, peppers, and tomatoes, plant out, 
if not done before. Collect all the vegetable seeds 
that have come to maturity, and dry them well before 
putting away; also gather herbs as they come into 
flower, and dry them in the shade, that the sun may not 
injure their flavor. Pull up the stalks of beans, peas, 
&c., which have done bearing. Water may be fre¬ 
quently and beneficially applied, but it should always 
be done at the close of the day, otherwise the plants 
will be injured by the heat of the sun. 
Fruit-Garden and Orchard. —Budding may be 
performed upon pears and apples the latter part of this 
month. Gather from the trees, and give to the cattle 
or swine, all fruit that is decayed or punctured by the 
insect, otherwise the insect, which now exists as a 
worm in the premature fruit, will soon be able to fly 
and attack the remainder. Also, continue to cut off 
all the wood as fast as it may appear to be infested by 
the insect which produces a black knot. Keep the 
ground well cultivated among the trees. There is verv 
little else to be done in the fruit-garden this month, ex¬ 
cepting it may be to consume its productions, for which 
directions may possibly not be requisite. 
Flower-Garden and Pleasure-Grounds. —Bul¬ 
bous and tuberous roots can now be taken up, and tu¬ 
lips, hyacinths, &c., carefully put away for planting in 
the fall. Herbaceous flowering-plants may still be 
transplanted from the seed-bed to the border, and should 
be taken up with as much earth as possible about the 
roots. Hedges can also be clipped in the early part of 
this month. Walks and borders keep constantly clear 
of weeds, and let a general air of neatness pervade ev- 
I ery part of the garden. 
