260 
WHEAT AND RYE. 
sidered far preferable to being placed outside, 
and conducted through a hole in the wall, as the 
whole vine thus has the same temperature for a 
start and growth. There is no wall beneath the 
sill of the front part of the conservatory to ob¬ 
struct the roots pushing into the garden soil. The 
whole garden is well stocked, and kept in the best 
manner by Mr. Cunningham. He also is the 
tasteful architect of the bridges, rustic work, and 
many other things in and about the premises, 
which do him great credit. 
Buildings .—The mansion is situated near the 
centre of the estate, on ground gradually rising 
about 100 feet above the Hudson, and commands 
uncommonly varied and extensive views on both 
sides of the river, above and below, bounded on 
the north by the sublime range of the Catskii! 
mountains, 40 miles distant. The house is of 
brick, painted white, and is 60 feet by 66, with a 
basement story and two upper ones, and a piazza 
in front. It is externally of the Roman order of 
architecture, strictly followed ; and yet, it has a 
very cottage-like appearance. The style within is 
of the Grecian Ionic. In the centre is a hall 
paved with marble, 24 feet wide and 27 feet long, 
on the ceiling of which, similar to beautiful fresco, 
is a picture painted on canvass expressly for it, 
by the best Roman artists. The centre repre¬ 
sents Guido’s Aurora, four other groups equally 
celebrated, surround it, and the Arabesques are 
copied from Raphael’s in the Vatican of Rome. It 
is needless for us to add that everything in the 
mansion is in keeping, and very elegantly and 
commodiously arranged. We know no reason 
why a gentleman in building should not gratify 
his taste, and make every reasonable arrangement 
for the comfort of his family. It costs but a trifle 
more in the first place, and is ever afterward satis¬ 
factory. No ugly appendages of wood-shed and 
other out houses are attached to Mr. Pell’s mansion, 
to mar its architecture. Approach it on which 
side you will, it presents a handsome facade. We 
wonder no more attention is paid to this point in 
building. The greater number of country-houses 
are so miserably loaded with appendages and ad¬ 
ditions, that they give the man of refined taste dis¬ 
gust rather than pleasure in looking at them—they 
show a handsome front, and that is all. The 
basement story may contain all that is necessary 
in the smaller outbuildings; as for the larger 
ones, they should be placed some little distance 
from the mansion, and be screened by trees. The 
bam is built upon a gradually sloping hill. The 
loft runs the whole length, is appropriated to hay 
and grain, and is nearly on a level with the upper 
part of the ground. This makes it easy to pitch 
in from the carts. The lower story is divided into 
a piggery, cow-stable, cider-mill, carriage-house, 
horse-stable, and poultry-house. These open tow¬ 
ard the south into ample yards for the stock, 
which are well supplied with water from springs, 
at all seasons of the year. The arrangements are 
comfortable and convenient, and the buildings 
were erected at a moderate cost. Near the bam 
is a workshop and root-cellar. 
In going over the farm, one observes system and 
order in everything. The grounds also present a 
very clean appearance, scarce a weed being found 
among the crops. We were no less gratified than 
instructed in our visit here, and we hope the ex¬ 
ample of Mr. P. will be followed by others of the 
young men of our flourishing and happy republic. 
WHEAT AND RYE. 
September is the best month for sowing wheat 
and rye throughout the northern and middle States. 
If the soil be a cold one, or a stiff clay, the grain 
should be sown the first week of this month; if 
warm and dry, the second week is preferable ; but 
on no account should sowing be delayed beyond 
the third week, as in that case the crop is sure to 
suffer greatly in consequence of it. To subsoil 
plow the land for winter grain would be highly 
beneficial, as it deepens the tilth, thus enabling 
the roots of the plants to strike deeper in the 
ground, and moreover, renders the crop much less 
likely to winter-kill. A most excellent subsoil 
plow from the manufactory of Messrs. Ruggles, 
Nourse & Mason, may be had for $6, and it is 
made so light as to require a single yoke of cattle 
only to work it. 
Winter grain is best sown in drills about six 
inches apart, as it is thus more exposed to the 
sun ; the air also circulates more freely through it, 
continually agitating the stalks, making it grow up 
hardier, and better enabling it to resist disease, 
more especially blight, mildew, and rust. The ex¬ 
periment has often been made between sowing in 
drills and broadcast, and if any one doubt the supe¬ 
riority of this method, let him try two crops side 
by side, one sown broadcast the other in drills. 
We regret that we do not know of a good drill 
machine in the United States which is made suffi¬ 
ciently cheap for general use. It is a great desid¬ 
eratum, and our ingenious mechanics would do 
well to turn their attention to making them. Next 
to sowing in drills we prefer ploughing in grain 
about two inches deep. For this purpose a three- 
share plough, sufficiently light to be drawn by a 
single yoke of cattle, has recently been constructed, 
which makes three furrows at a time. With some 
little improvements in it, this could be made to 
answer a good purpose, and is almost equal to 
drilling the grain ; as thus plowed it comes up in 
pretty equal rows. The last method which we 
can recommend is, sowing broadcast upon the 
rough furrows, and then harrow. The ground 
should not be harrowed previous to sowing, as it 
makes it so smooth that it is almost impossible 
to even half cover the grain—at least, so we have 
always found it. 
For further particulars regarding the culture of 
wheat, see Northern Calendar in this No., page 275. 
; INCREASE OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS. 
It gives us great pleasure to say, that the agri¬ 
cultural exports from this port, especially to Eng¬ 
land, have been largely on the increase the past 
summer, and two almost entirely new products 
have been added latterly to them. These are corn 
and hay, which hitherto, from their great bulk, 
have been prevented going abroad to much extent. 
