WOOL FOR EUROPE. 
267 
sive, and clover does not always answer even 
where it takes pretty well. In the same way, a 
perfect burning of clay will answer sometimes by 
itself, but I prefer to adduce it as a means of ren¬ 
dering soluble saline matters, for this I know it 
will always effect. 
The remarks made in this, and the foregoing 
papers, will, I trust, be of importance to some 
planters; they are intentionally made applicable 
to all: there are, however, cases which they will 
not meet; for should there be a want of any es¬ 
sential saline matter, as bone>earth, lime, potash, 
sulphuric acid, &c., in the soil, the means laid 
down are not sufficient. In this case, which is 
not to be anticipated, except in barren sand, or on 
those fields which have been known to be severely 
cropped from the times of the first settlement, 
other appliances are wanting; manures from with¬ 
out the farm, suited to the soil, must be imported, 
and much expense incurred. On this topic I have 
not time now to write; but if my attention, now 
fixed on the establishment of an agricultural 
school iu the University of New York, should be 
relieved sufficiently for another communication on 
the subject, it will afford me pleasure to point out 
such indications in the soil, as will furnish the 
farmer with the means of detecting the nature of 
the absent saline matter, and the cheapest plan 
for its restitution. In conclusion, and that the 
matter of these essays may be placed in a clear 
light, I will recapitulate the argument, and gen¬ 
eral heads. 
1st. Plants differ in requiring a supply of nitro¬ 
gen (as ammonia, fee.) from the soil, as well as 
the atmosphere ; clover, grass, &c., obtain enough 
from the air for ordinary growth ; wheat, tobacco, 
&c., require an additional quantity to be supplied 
them. 
2d. New lands containing much vegetable mat¬ 
ter, and under proper drainage, yield ammonia, &c., 
to the roots of plants, and therefore have all the 
indications of fertility ; but the same lands after a 
time become barren by the loss of the organic 
matters. 
3d. When the vegetable matter disappears, and 
the field lies waste, a sufficient quantity of the 
insoluble saline matters (bone-earth, carbonate of 
lime and magnesia, silicate of potash and soda) 
are not rendered soluble in the course of a season, 
to supply the necessities of luxuriant herbage. 
4th. Tobacco requires a large quantity of these 
saline matters, and by uncovering the soil, leads 
to a considerable waste of its organic ingredients. 
5th. The indications for the restoration of such 
barren soils, when recently cleared, are threefold : 
1. To pulverize the soil so that it may become 
porous. 
2. To hasten the solubility of its saline constit¬ 
uents. 
3. To secure a supply of ammonia. 
The means of accomplishing these indications 
are: 
1st. By mechanical contrivances; by adding ve¬ 
getable matters, as peat, muck, leaves, fallow 
crops, spreading charcoal, burning clay, and liming. 
2d. To hasten the solubility of saline matters. 
By liming, burning the surface soil with lime, 
burning clay, the addition of vegetable matters, 
fallow crops. 
3d. To secure a supply of ammonia. By atten¬ 
tion to the stable, by preserving offal, making nitre 
beds, turning in fallow crops, especially such as 
draw all their nitrogen from the air, as clover, 
Jerusalem artichoke, &c. 
D. P. Gardner, M. D. 
Lecturer on Agricultural Chemistry. 
New York, June, 1844. 
Wool for Europe.— We are informed that 
agents of several French and English houses are 
now in this country, examining the clips of our 
finest flocks of sheep, with a view of purchasing 
them up for the European manufacturers of super¬ 
fine broadcloths. This is an important movement, 
and shows the farmer that a superior quality of 
wool will not want a market, grow it as fast as 
we will. 
In publishing the following communication from 
Mr. Cook, it is proper in us to remark, that 
although the article by Americus of which he 
complains, did not appear till our May No. was 
issued, more than two months after the death of 
Mr. Grove, that it was actually written and sent 
to us at the time of its date, which was several 
days previous to this melancholy event. Further¬ 
more, that we did not ourselves learn of the demise 
of Mr. G. till the last of March, when according 
to our best recollection, the article of Americus 
was in type; although from some circumstance 
which we cannot now recall, it was laid over till 
May, instead of appearing in March, or April, as 
it more properly should have done. Americus did 
not hear of the death of Mr. G. till some time later 
than ourselves; we believe not till the reception 
by him of our April No., containing his obituary 
notice. We know the writer of the article com¬ 
plained of, as a man of fine sensibilities, and high 
moral worth, and he will learn with deep regret 
that he ever wrote a line which has caused pain 
to a “helpless family;” and, certainly, had we 
supposed a single word in that article would have 
done so, we should have recalled it, even after 
being in type. Of our own respect and admiration f 
of Mr. Grove as a man, and of his choice, pure 
bred flock of Electoral Saxons, the volumes of this 
periodical bear frequent and ample testimony, and 
it is unnecessary for us to add another word on 
this point. There is this consolation, however, in 
the matter, it has given Mr. Cook an opportunity 
of making an able argument in the defence of these 
fine sheep, and he has certainly demonstrably 
proved them animals of high value. Upon read¬ 
ing his article, we are sure that the public will 
agree with us in this, that whatever the loss sus- 
