NORTHERN CALENDAR FOR OCTOBER. 
313 
for experiment. We hope he will try it in various 
situations, and with various modes of culture; 
subsoiling, plowing in, harrowing, &c., &c., a sep¬ 
arate square rod each, and give us the result. 
J3eing quite a botanist, Mr. Lewis’ remarks on the 
vegetation (leaves, stalks, &c.) of different varie¬ 
ties of wheat would be eminently worthy of record. 
We are persuaded that wheat can be successfully 
cultivated in Kentucky, if proper attention be paid 
(.0 it; and for an excellent article on this subject, 
we would refer our readers to the Essays of Judge 
Beatty, recently published, and noticed page 317 
of this paper. 
NORTHERN CALENDAR FOR OCTOBER. 
October is an important month for the farmer. In 
this, he has to collect his roots, apples, corn, and store 
them up for safe keeping through the winter. Secure 
sugar beet and mangol-wurzel before heavy frosts oc¬ 
cur. Very light frosts do not injure them while in the 
ground. They should be perfectly matured, or they 
otherwise will afford less nutrition. This may be 
known by some of their leaves turning yellow. If 
allowed to remain beyond this time, there is a new 
elaboration of their juices, and much of the saccharine 
principle, which is the fattening one, is destroyed. 
Turneps and parsneps may be left till in danger of freez¬ 
ing in the ground, and the latter, if not wanted for 
winter use, are better for remaining till spring. In 
this case, all the water must be carefully led away 
from the beds, or they will rot. Potatoes are ripe 
when the vines are decayed, and they should never 
be dug before. All roots ought to be protected from 
the sun after digging, by throwing over them some 
of the leaves or straw, and as soon as the dirt attached 
to them is dried, carry them at once to the cellar or pit. 
Too little care is used in storing roots. The air ought 
to be carefully kept from them, by putting them in bar¬ 
rels loosely covered, or in bins well guarded by straw 
or turf, and they are still better for having light mould 
or sand sifted into the interstices. Such as are stored 
in the fields, may be placed in pits, where the ground is 
dry and sandy, somewhat excavated below the surface, 
and piled above it to the height required. A coating 
of straw must first be laid over them, carefully thatched 
over the heap like shingles, to carry off any water that 
may leak through the exterior covering of earth, which 
may be added to the depth of a few inches, just suffi¬ 
cient to prevent injury from early frosts. The covering 
for winter need not be completed till later, as by leaving 
the earth loose, the escape of moisture from the roots is 
facilitated, as well as the gases, which are generated by 
the partial heating and curing of the roots, which takes 
place when they are thrown into heaps soon after they 
have been dug. When finally covered over for the 
winter, a hole on the top should be left, or several, if 
the pit be a long one, in which a wisp of straw must be 
placed, which will allow the escape of all moisture and 
gas. If the ground is a stiff clay, the roots must be 
placed on the surface of the ground, and a ditch dug 
on every side, one foot below them, so as to carry off all 
the water; otherwise, the lower strata will be spoiled 
by the water retained on the surface. 
Winter apples ought to be carefully picked by hand, 
and placed in bins or barrels, and entirely excluded 
from the air. They should occupy a dry cool cellar, or 
upper room, in which the temperature is not below the 
freezing point. If they should become frozen, they 
must be kept covered and allow the frost to escape grad¬ 
ually, when the effect will be scarcely perceptible 5 yet 
when this occurs, they do not keep as long in good 
flavor as if untouched by frost. If you have clay land, 
much of the plowing for the following spring may be 
done in this month, throwing it into high furrows as 
much as possible. If there be no demand for your fall 
apples, they are worth much more to feed to stock, 
swine and cattle, than for cider; dispose of all in this 
way but such as are wanted for the winter use. 
Secure your winter squashes and pumpkins, by pla¬ 
cing them in a dry cool place, and you may have the 
luxury of good vegetable and pumpkin pies during the 
winter. All the garden seeds should be carefully se¬ 
lected and placed beyond the reach of decay and ver¬ 
min. Prepare all your supernumerary stock for mar¬ 
ket ; cull out your choicest animals for breed and use, 
and sell and fat the remainder. Be careful to avoid an 
overstock for winter. One half the animals well kept 
will yield more profit than the whole half kept. Set 
out trees for the eusuing spring. They may be trans¬ 
planted any time after the sap has ceased to flow, 
which occurs when the buds .are fully developed. This 
is the proper time to cut wood for the year. Fuel cut 
from July till November is more valuable than if pre¬ 
pared at any other season. If not convenient to draw 
it, let it remain on the ground till sleighing. 
If hemp is wanted for early breaking, spread it out 
this month for dew-rotting. The lint, however, is 
whiter and better to defer it till December for latitudes 
below 40®; a higher latitude, November is the best 
month. 
Timber cut during these months is also much more 
durable, notwithstanding the popular opinion to the 
contrary. 
Kitchen Garden. —Keep the crops of spinach en¬ 
tirely clean; they can now be thinned out, leaving the 
plants four or five inches apart. Lettuces for early 
spring use should be treated in the same way. Those 
for late fall use should be transferred to frames, and 
protected from frost during the night. The same mode 
can be adopted with cabbage plants for fall and winter 
use. During the latter part of the month cut down the 
asparagus tops, and give the bed a coat of well-rotted 
stable manure to the depth of two or three inches. This 
can be done, however, as well next month. 
Fruit Garden and Orchard. —Continue propa¬ 
gating by layers and cuttings; plant beds of strawber¬ 
ries that may have been omitted last month. They will 
be less likely to suffer from the heat of the ensuing 
summer, than if planted in the spring. Gather all the 
apples and pears which still remain upon the trees 
before the frost injures them. Most kinds of hardy 
fruit and forest trees may now be trimmed and cleared 
of lateral shoots and suckers. All kinds of hardy 
deciduous trees and shrubs can be transplanted this 
month as soon as they have shed then' leaves. Fall 
planting is preferable for good-sized trees, as during the 
winter they can firmly establish themselves, and be 
ready to throw out sufficient roots in the spring to 
withstand the heats of summer. Small seedlings had 
better be left till spring, as they are liable to be thrown 
out of the ground by the frost in the winter. 
Flower Garden and Pleasure Grounds. —About 
the middle or latter end of the month plant tulips, hya¬ 
cinths, &c. Select a warm mellow soil and let it be 
highly manured with well rotted compost. 
The ranunculus and anemone can now be planted, 
and all other varieties of bulbous and tuberous rooted 
flowers. Continue to transplant perennial and biennial 
flower roots. Plant some bulbous roots in flower pots 
for winter blooming. The latter part of the month, 
