Definitions of Coeor Terms. 
17 
mixture of white, or (in the case of dyes or washes) by 
excess of aqueous or other liquid medium ; as, a deep, 
medium, light, pale or delicate (pallid) tint of red. The 
term cannot correctly be used in any other sense. 
Shade .—Any color (pure or broken) darkened by 
shadow or (in the case of pigments) by admixture of 
black; exactly the opposite of tint\ as a medium, dark, 
or very dark (dusky) shade of red. 
Tone .— “Each step in a color scale is a tone of that 
color.”* The term tone cannot, however, be properly 
applied to a step in the spectrum scale, in which each 
contiguous pair of the six distinct spectrum or “funda¬ 
mental” colors are connected by hues. Hence tone t is 
exclusively applicable to the steps in a scale of a single 
color ob hue, comprising the full color (in the center) 
and graduated tints and shades leading off therefrom in 
opposite directions; or of neutral gray similarly graduat¬ 
ed in tone from the darkest shade to the palest tint. Each 
one of the colored blocks in the vertical scales of the plates 
in this work represents a separate tone of that color. 
Scale— A linear series of colors showing a gradual 
transition from one to another, or a similar series of 
tones of one color. The first is a chromatic scaleX (or 
scale of colors and hues) and in the plates of this work 
is represented by each horizontal series; the second is a 
*Milton Bradley: Elementary Color, p. 25. 
-(•Exception has been taken in a recent work (“A Color Notation,” by A. H. 
Munsell) to the use of the term tone in this connection, on the ground that its proper 
use belongs to music, and the term value is substituted. The same line of reasoning 
would, however, certainly require the discarding of chromatic scale as a term ot 
music nomenclature, since its derivation is clearly from color (chroma). Further¬ 
more, the word “value” is even more elastic in its application than tone, and, all 
things considered, the present writer, at least, fails to see that any improvement is 
madejby the proposed change. 
JThe term chromatic scale has unfortunately been appropriated for a very 
different use (in music); nevertheless it is strictly correct in the present sense while 
in the other it is not, though firmly established by long usage. The term spectrum 
scale is not adequate, as a substitute, because the spectrum series of colors is in¬ 
complete through absence of the hues connecting violet with red, which are necessary 
to show the full scale of pure colors and hues. 
