GALLERY.] NATURAL HISTORY* 113 
slightly concentric waves, which may be considered as the 
rudimentary states of varices, or rather as similar to the 
intermediate cross ridges which are found between the 
varices in the Tritons and Murices , and which mark the 
places where the animals have rested for a short period. 
These ridges are generally fringed with an expansion 
of-the periostraca , like the varices . In some of the ge¬ 
nera, as Pleurotoma, Conus , Fusus , and Pyrula , the pillar 
of the shell is smooth. In others, as Turbinellus , Fascio - 
laria, and Cancdlaria , this part is plaited as in the Volutes , 
but they are known from the latter by the canal of the 
syphon being more elongated. 
Struthiolaria and Aporrhais have the animal of this 
family, but the syphon is bent to the right side, and the 
outer lip of the shell is only perfected once in the ani¬ 
mal’s life, as in the Strombs . The outer lip of the former 
is merely thickened and bent back ; of the latter it is 
often spread out, and sometimes divided into lobes, like 
the Pteroceras, or Spider-claws. 
The family of Buccinums ( Buccinidce , Case ) have 
the syphon of the mantle recurved, and the shell has a 
more or less elongated canal in the front of the mouth for 
its protection, which is bent upwards towards the left¬ 
side. Some of these animals form convex rounded va¬ 
rices at distant places on the whorls, like the Tritons , 
and generally have the lips veined or granular, as Cassis , 
Cassidaria, Folium ^ and Far pa. The latter has a very 
large foot, nicked on each side in front, and pointed 
behind; its hinder part separates spontaneously when 
the animal is irritated. Others, like the Murices , have 
close irregular varices, which are sometimes produced into 
spines or branched processes, as Ricinula , Purpura , and 
Magilus . The latter is very peculiar; for the animal, at 
a certain period of its growth, deposits in the cavity such 
a quantity of calcareous matter, as to produce the shell, in its 
subsequent growth, into a more or less elongated straight 
process. In others the animal does not form any, or only very 
rudimentary, varices, as Buccinum , Terebra , Nassa, and 
Columbella , and the shells are covered with a horny pe¬ 
riostraca. These genera are severally distinguished from 
each other by the form of the mouth ; some of them, which 
have the lips much dilated over the base of the last whorl. 
