164 NATURAL HISTORY. [NORTH 
to the two first of which may be referred the earthy man¬ 
ganese or wad, some varieties of which have the property 
of inflaming spontaneously when mixed with linseed oil. ’ 
Case 14. This and the two following Cases contain 
the oxides of iron. Specular oxide of iron or iron-glance , 
among the specimens of which may be specified those 
from Elba, remarkable on account of their beautiful iri¬ 
descence and play of colours ; the variety in large laminar 
crystals appearing like polished steel, from Stromboli and 
Vesuvius ;—the micaceous iron-ore of Werner, belonging 
partly to this species, partly to the scaly hydrous oxide;— 
red iron ore, divided into compact red iron-stone and red 
hematite. 
Case 15. Oxydulated iron or magnetic iron-ore, 
massive and of various grain, compact, crystallized, in ser¬ 
pentine, chlorite-slate, &c.; ore from the East Indies, 
which yields the wootz, or salam-steel, remarkable for its 
hardness; magnetic iron-sand. With the oxides of iron is 
also provisionally placed the crucite of Thomson; and the 
beudantite, which latter is composed of the oxides of iron 
and lead. 
Case 16. Hydrous oxide of iron or brown iron-stone, 
among the most remarkable varieties of which species are, 
the micaceous, called goethite, in delicate transparent 
tables of a blood red colour ; that in fine scales coating the 
cells of lava; a shining brownish-black variety used as hair 
powder by the Bootchuana natives beyond the Great- River 
in South Africa; the fibrous brown iron-stone or brown 
hematite ; the compact and the ochrey brown iron-stone—- 
and, as appendix to it, the argillaceous or clay iron-stone, 
with its many varieties, such as the columnar, the pisiform 
(pea iron-ore), the reniform, &c. 
Case 17. Oxide of copper ;—red or ruby-copper ore, 
compact, foliated, and fibrous ; one of the more remark¬ 
able is the bright-red capillary variety from Rheinbreiten- 
bach (in which selenium has been discovered by Kersten), 
and from the Bank mines in Siberia;—the ferruginous 
red oxide of copper or tile-ore, a mixture of red copper 
and brown iron-ochre ; the black oxide or copper-black, ge¬ 
nerally mixed with the oxides of iron and manganese. 
-—Oxide of lead:— the native minium from Hessia (first 
described by Mr. Smithson), from Siberia, &c., probably 
