NATURAL HISTORY. 
<51 
GALLERY.] 
In the six following Cases the oxides of the electro-positive metals 
are deposited. 
Case 13 contains the oxides and hydrous oxides of manganese , 
formerly distinguished as foliated, compact, and earthy grey manganese ; 
but now, from chemical and crystallographical distinctive characters, 
divided into the species called manganite, pyrolusite , psilomelane, 
hausmannite, hraunite, &c., to several of which, but particularly the 
first two, may be referred the earthy manganese or wad, (a name some¬ 
times given to earthy cobalt,) some varieties of which have the pro¬ 
perty of inflaming spontaneously when mixed with linseed oil. 
Case 14. In this and the tw 7 o following Table Cases are deposited 
the oxides of iron : specular oxide of iron or iron-glance , among the 
specimens of which may be specified those from Elba, remarkable on 
account of their beautiful iridescence and play of colours; the variety 
in large laminar crystals appearing like polished steel, from Stromboli 
and Vesuvius;—the micaceous iron-ore of Werner, belonging partly 
to this species, partly to hydrous oxide of iron ;—red iron-ore , divided 
into compact red iron-stone and red hematite. 
Case 15. Oxydulated iron or magnetic iron-ore , massive and of 
various grain, compact, crystallized, in serpentine, chlorite-slate, &c. : 
ore from the East Indies, which yields the w^ootz, or salam-steel, re¬ 
markable for its hardness ; magnetic iron-sand. 
Case 16. Hydrous oxide of iron or brown iron-stone , among the 
most remarkable varieties of w 7 hich species are, the micaceous, called 
gotkite , in delicate transparent tables of a blood red colour; that in fine 
scales coating the cells of lava; a shining brownish-black variety used 
as hair powder by the Bootchuana natives beyond the Great River in 
South Africa; the fibrous brown iron-stone or brown hematite ; the 
compact and the ochrey brown iron-stone. With these are placed speci¬ 
mens of several sub-species of argillaceous or clay iron-stone, such as the 
columnar, the reniform, the pisiform, (pea-ore); among the varieties here 
deposited of this latter, is a sample of the rounded and angular grains 
from the size of a millet-seed to that of a small hazel nut, which, on the 
10th of August, 1841, descended as a shower at Iwan, in the Comitate 
of Oedenburg in Hungary, and w 7 ere considered as a new 7 species of real 
meteorites, until their terrestrial origin was fully ascertained by micro¬ 
scopic observation and analysis. 
Case 17. Oxide of copper :—red or ruby-copper compact, foliated, 
and fibrous : one of the more remarkable is the bright-red capillary 
variety from Rheinbreitenbach, calledchalcotrichite, (in which selenium 
has been discovered by Kersten,)and from the Bank mines in Siberia; 
—the ferruginous red oxide of copper or tile-ore, an intimate mixture 
of red copper and brow n iron-ochre from Hungary, Siberia, &c. ; the 
black oxide or copper-black , generally mixed with the oxides of iron 
and manganese .—Oxide of bismuth or bismuth-ochre, from Saxony and 
Bohemia. — Oxide of zinc or red zinc-ore from New Jersey; and the 
franklinite, composed of the oxides of zinc and manganese . — Black 
and yellow earthy cobalt , both called cobalt-ochre, which seem to be 
hydrates of the oxides of cobalt and manganese, frequently mixed with 
oxide of iron .—Oxide of uranium, or uran-ochre, and the hydrous 
protoxide of the same, called pitch-ore. 
Case 18. Oxide of lead : —the native minium from Hessia (first 
d 2 
