34 
NATURAL HISTORY. 
[EAST. ZOOL. 
Case 114. The Turnstones obtained their name from the habit of 
turning stones over to seek for the small shells and Crustacea that are 
hid under them ; as the turnstone sandpiper of the English shores and 
of other parts of the world. The Oyster-catchers seek their food on 
the sea-shores; it consists of shell-fish, which they are enabled to 
wrench out by inserting their bill between the valves, also of other ma¬ 
rine productions; as the pied oyster-catcher, black oyster-catcher of 
Australia, &c. 
Case 114. The Trumpeters, which are peculiar to South America: 
as the gold-breasted trumpeter, and Brazilian cariama. 
Cases 115—117. The true Cranes, which are found in most parts of 
the world, on the borders of rivers and inundated places, seeking for 
small fish and reptiles: as the common crane of Europe; Siberian 
crane; Indian crane; crowned heron; demoiselle heron of Africa ; cau- 
rale snipe of South America. Cases 117 and 118. Common and 
purple-crested heron of Europe ; great heron of North America; pacific 
heron of Australia. Case 120. Great egret, little egret, &c. Case 121. 
Demi egret, and blue heron of America, &c. Case 122. Bittern of 
Europe, &c., lineated bittern of America; squacco heron of Europe; 
and little bittern of Europe, &c. Case 123. Night heron of Europe 
and America, &c.; tufted umbre of Africa; cinereous boat-bill of South 
America, and the spoonbill of Europe, &c. 
Cases 124, 125. The Storks, which frequent the retired marshes 
and borders of pools in various parts of the world, where they prey on 
reptiles and small fish. Case 124. The white and black stork of Eu¬ 
rope ; American stork, &c. Case 125. Gigantic crane of India, &c.; 
American jabiru; Senegal jabiru, &c. 
Cases 125, 126. The Ibises, which are inhabitants of the inun¬ 
dated places of various parts of the world, seeking for frogs, snails, 
and worms, 8tc. Case 125. The wood ibis of North America, &c. 
Case 126. Ethiopian ibis; black-headed ibis of India; New Holland 
ibis, &c. 
Case 127. The Godwits: these birds migrate according to the sea¬ 
son to various parts of the world; their food is composed of small mol¬ 
luscous animals, worms, &c.; as the common godwit, red godwit of 
England, terek snipe of Australia, &c. 
Case 128. The Totanince: these birds search among the gravel and 
stones of the banks of lakes and rivers for worms, insects, and mollus¬ 
cous animals, as the stagnile snipe of Europe ; greenshank snipe, com¬ 
mon sandpiper of Europe, and Bartram’s sandpiper; semipalmated 
snipe of North America. The Avocets are remarkable for the ex¬ 
treme length of their legs, which enables them to search the muddy 
shores or mouths of the rivers for small insects and spawn of fish, &c.: 
as the scooping avocet, long-legged plover, &c. 
Case 129. The Sandpipers are inhabitants of most parts of the 
world, seeking their food on the sea-shore and in marine marshes; as 
the knot sandpiper, ruff sandpiper, purre sandpiper, lesser grey sand¬ 
piper, of Europe, &c. The Phalaropes are found on the sea-shores of 
the Arctic regions; their food consists of Crustacea, &c .; as the red 
phalarope, grey phalarope, &c. 
Case 130. The True Snipes inhabit the thickest underwood, others 
seek the marshy districts; their food consists of worms and insects; as 
