82 
natural history. (Minerals.) 
[north 
uranium, but distinct by containing, the former a small portion of 
phosphate of lime, and the latter an equivalent portion of phosphate of 
copper.— Phosphate of yttria, or phosphyttrite , a very scarce mineral 
substance, first found in the granite of Linden as in Norway, and subse¬ 
quently, in equally small quantities, at Ytterby in Sweden.— Phos - 
phates of alumina, to which belong—the wavellite, a substance which 
was originally mistaken for a hydrate of pure alumina, and there¬ 
fore calied hy dr argillite, from Devonshire, Ireland, Greenland, from 
Amberg, in Bavaria (called lasionite ), from Aussig in Bohemia, 
on sandstone, &c.—the gibhsite (see Table 19), the varieties of 
which contain phosphoric acid in varying proportions;—the klapro - 
thite , called also blue spar, and azurite, and is therefore sometimes 
confounded with the lapis lazulitogether with some other sub¬ 
stances of which no exact analyses have as yet been published, 
though they are known to be chiefly composed of alumina in com¬ 
bination with phosphoric acid, such as—the calaite, or real turauois 
( firuzah in Persian), an opaque gem found chiefly at Nishapur, in 
the province of Khorasan, Persia, in nodules or as small veins tra¬ 
versing a ferrugino-argillaceous rock, and greatly esteemed. on ac¬ 
count of its beautiful blue colour, w’hich w-ill in most cases be sufficient to 
distinguish it both from the blue silicate of copper and from fossil bones 
(particularly teeth) impregnated with blue phosphate of iron or carbonate 
of copper, some of which substances are vulgarly called occidental tur¬ 
quoises.—The hakoxene, a rare substance of a crystalline aiverging- 
fibrous structure and yellow colour, found in the fissures of argillaceous 
iron-stone, near Zbirow in Bohemia,—and the childrenite from Tavi¬ 
stock, in Devonshire : both which mineral substances contain alumina 
and oxide of iron combined with phosphoric acid, but require to be sub- 
jected to closer chemical examination.— Phosphate of magnesia: the 
very scarce wagnerite , from the valley of Holgraben, near Werfen, in 
Salzburg.—The mengite and edwardsite are placed in the Table Case, 
they being by some considered as phosphates of lanthan and cerium 
oxides. 
In two of the supplemental Table Cases (57 A and B) in this 
room are deposited such phosphates as are combined w 7 ith chlorides; 
as likewise the rare combinations of the latter with carbonates and 
silicates. 
Case 57 A. Pyromorphite, a combination of phosphate of lead and 
chloride of lead, generally divided into brown lead ore and green lead 
ore: among the varieties of the former, the more remarkable are the 
large six-sided prisms from Huelgoet in Brittany; of the latter w T e 
have the massive botryoidal (traubenertz), the spicular, and crystallized 
varieties, of various shades of green passing into greenish-white, into 
yellow 7 and orange. To these are added phosph-arseniates and also some 
arseniaies of lead, from Siberia, Cumberland, Saxony, &c.,w 7 hose che¬ 
mical constitution is not yet perfectly understood; in 
Case 57 B. Phosphate of lime combined with chloride of calcium , 
in some varieties of w T hich this latter constituent is replaced by fluoride of 
calcium : among the specimens may be particularized several very scarce 
and interesting crystallizations of Werner’s apatite, such as the large vio¬ 
let-coloured crystals from St. Petersburg; the groups from Ehrenfrie- 
dersdorf, Maggia on St. Gothard, Traversella in Piedmont, &c.; the 
