. RELATION OF THE BRITISH PHARMACOPOEIA TO PHARMACOLOGY. 11 
Tinctura Cinchona; Flavcc is probably one in which the forty-eight hours of 
maceration ordered, only partially exhausts the bark ; the next operation in the 
percolator being true percolation, and the final addition of spirit to the marc an 
operation of displacement only, for the tincture made by Burton scarcely attained 
its maximum density in less than three days. 
Tinctura Conii. When made by maceration of the leaves in proof spirit, 
Burton found tincture of hemlock to attain its maximum density in a day and 
a half. If the fruits yield their active matter with equal readiness, the Pharma¬ 
copoeia triple process admits of improvement. 
Tinctura Digitalis can be made by Burton’s maceration in forty-eight 
hours. Here again, therefore, the process of the Pharmacopoeia can be much 
simplified. 
Tinctura Ferri Perchloridi. See Liquor Ferri Perchloridi. 
Tinctura Hyoscyami will probably be found to be most advantageously pre¬ 
pared by the Pharmacopoeia process. 
Tinctura Jalap ce also, even when the jalap is suspended in the proof spirit, does 
not attain its maximum density till the third or fourth day of maceration (Burton), 
so that the triple process will probably expedite its preparation. 
Tinctura Kino. The Pharmacopoeia process for the preparation of this tinc¬ 
ture consists in macerating the powdered kino in rectified spirit for seven days. 
The directions do not include occasional agitation, but shaken or not shaken, 
the kino adheres to the bottom of the vessel it may be placed in, and is only de¬ 
tached by violent rotation of the liquid. If, however, Burton’s suggestion be 
adopted, namely, that of suspending the kino in a bag placed just below the 
surface of the spirit, exhaustion is perfectly effected in twenty ■•four hours, with¬ 
out any agitation whatever. 
Tinctura Lavandula; Composita is the only one of the fifty-six tinctures in 
which a quart instead of a pint is directed to be made in a single operation. 
Tinctura Lobelia; and Tinctura Lobclice JEtherea. Why is an ethereal as 
well as an alcoholic tincture of Lobelia included in the Pharmacopoeia ? They 
are identical in strength, and both ether and alcohol are efficient solvents of the 
active matter of Lobelia. (Bastick, Pkarm. Journ. vol. x. p. 540.) 
Tinctura Lupuli. Coates showed (Pharm. Journ. vol. vi. p. 428) that Bur¬ 
ton’s suggestion of enclosing the hops in a bag during maceration, greatly facili¬ 
tated the preparation of the tincture, inasmuch as the hops could be pressed in 
the same bag. Burton found (Pharm. Journ. vol. v. p. 126) that the tincture 
when prepared in this way attained its maximum density in thirty hours ; yet 
the authors of the British Pharmacopoeia tell us to macerate for forty-eight 
hours, then to pack in a percolator,—an inconvenient operation, on account of the 
bulky character of the hop, and moreover quite unnecessary ; next to displace 
adhering tincture by pouring into the percolator some fresh proof-spirit; and 
finally to subject the contents of the percolator to pressure. Obviously the 
first and last operations are alone necessary, namely, maceration and expression. 
Tinctura Opii. This tincture is to be made by macerating opium in proof 
spirit for seven days. Nor can it apparently be made by maceration in a shorter 
time, for Burton states that it does not attain its maximum density till the end 
of a week. Many pharmaceutists, however, prepare it in a few hours by per¬ 
colation. 
Tinctura Qjuinicc Composita. This is a solution of one hundred and sixty 
grains of sulphate of quinia in a pint of tincture of orange peel. Some pharma¬ 
ceutists have complained that the whole of the quinia will not dissolve (Southall, 
Pharm. Journ. 2nd ser. vol. i. p. 12); but others have shown, however, that 
if the quinia be digested (temp. 90° to 100°) instead of merely macerated for 
seven da}^s, complete solution is effected (Hemingway, Pharm. Journ. vol. xi. 
p. 68). Many again have stated that a deposit occurs in the tincture after seme 
