or A SUBSTANCE BESEMBLING QUININE. 
35 
Whilst the animal generally from albumen analytically produces alkaloids, fats, neutral 
hydrocarbons, acids, and ulimately water, ammonia, and carbonic acid. 
Thus the following table of synthetically and analytically produced substances com¬ 
mon to both kingdoms may even now be formed:— 
From Carbonate of Ammonia and Water. 
Synthetically formed substances, by the plant or 
by the chemist. 
Oxalic Acid. 
Formic. 
Lactic. 
Acetic. 
Valerianic. 
Glycerine. 
Sugar. 
Starch. 
Cellulose. 
Cholesterin. 
Butyrin. 
Palraatin. 
Stearin. 
Olein. 
Capric Acid. 
Caproic. 
Caprylic. 
Urea. 
Leucin. 
Taurin. 
Glycocol. 
Indican. 
Quinine. 
Casein. 
Albumen. 
From Albumen passing down to Carbonate 
Ammonia and Water. 
Analytically formed substances. 
Albumen. 
Casein. 
Animal Quinoidine. 
Indican. \ 
Glycocol. 
Taurin. 
Leucin. 
Urea 
Caprylic Acid. 
Caproic. 
Capric. 
Olein. 
Stearin. 
Palmatin. 
Butyrin. 
Cholesterin, 
Cellulose. 
Starch. 
Sugar. 
Glycerine. 
Valerianic Acid, 
Acetic. 
Lactic. 
Formic. 
Oxalic. 
From this point of view, then, our so-called animal quinoidine is descended from 
albumen, and its ultimate progeny are carbonate of ammonia and water, out of which 
substances the cinchona-tree, under favourable circumstances, is able to build up 
quinine. 
C40H24N2O,. 
From the large number of carbon atoms in quinine, it may be regarded as one of the 
early substances produced in the downward passage of albumen, and from this we shall 
very probably find the key to the question how quinine acts in the body. 
When sulphate of quinine is taken, like the lithium and other substances which I 
brought before you last year, it rapidly passes from the blood into the textures. 
Even in a quarter of an hour, after four grains of sulphate of quinine the fluorescence 
may rise to 75 grains to 100 litres. It is found in greatest amount in the liver and 
kidney; rather less in the blood, urine, and muscles ; still less in the brain, nerves, and 
bile; and is perhaps even in this time increased in the lens of the eye. 
In three hours the maximum effect of the quinine may be reached. It amounts then 
to from 100 to 200 grains of quinine in 100 litres of water, and it occurs to this amount 
in the liver, kidney, urine, bile, blood, brain, and muscles. The nerves and aqueous 
humour showed much less increase, and the lenses showed the least increase of all the 
textures. 
In six hours the amount of fluorescence was rather less than in three hours. ' 
In twenty-four hours it was considerably less than half as much as in three hours. 
In forty-eight hours, except in the liver and blood, there was but little more fluorescent 
substance in the textures than naturally exists there. 
And in seven ty-two hours the liver showed no trace of increase of fluorescence. 
Hence, in fifteen minutes the quinine had passed everywhere. In three hours it was 
U 2 
