36 
ON THE EXISTENCE IN ANIMALS 
at its maximum, and remained in excess for six hours. In twenty-four hours it was 
much diminished, and in forty-eight hours scarcely perceptible. 
These results were obtained by extracting the natural fluorescent substance and the 
quinine together from the textures, determining the joint fluorescence by standard solu¬ 
tions ; and by comparing the numbers thus obtained with the numbers given when no 
quinine was taken. 
The following table of the fluorescence of the different textures after four grains of 
quinine had been taken by guinea-pigs was made:— 
1 
Experiment 1, 
i hour. 
Experiment 2, 
\ hour. 
Experiment 3, 
1 hour. 
1 
Experiment 4, 
3 hours. 
1 
Experiment 5, 
4| hours. 
1 
Experiment G, 
5^ hours. 
Experiment 7, 
C hours. 
Experiment 8, 
8 hours. 
Experiment 9, 
24 hours. 
Experiment 10, 
32 hours. 
Experiment 11, 
48 hours. 
Experiment 12, 
72 hours. 
Liver 
75 
40 
20 to 40 
100 to 200 
100 
100 to 200 
50 
4 
G 
G 
Lenses 
Gto3 
5 
— 
r» 
0 
2 
3 „1 
3 
3 
3 
Kidney 
75 
40 
20 
100 to 200 
100 
100 
50 
3 
3 
Urine 
50 
20 to 10 
20 
100 ,, 200 
100 
100 
4 to 6 
12toG 
0 
o 
O 
o 
O 
Bile 
12 
20 
6 
100 „ 200 
13 
75 
5 
12 
3 
3 
Blood 
50 
20 
20 
100 „ 200 
12 to 25 
20 to 40 
100 to 50 
12 
6 
3 
Brain 
12 
10 to 5 
5 to 3 
100 ,, 200 
6 „ 12 
25 
6 
3 
N erves 
6 
5 
least 
6 
2 
6 
3 
3 
3 
Muscles 
50 to 25 
20 
5 
100 to 200 
50 to 100 
25 
12 to 6 
3 
3 
Humors 
— 
5 
— 
6 „ 3 
2 
3 
6 
3 
least 
We have been able also to find some trace of the passage of the quinine even into the 
lens of the eye of man. 
The following table, which we owe to the kindness of Mr. Bowman, who gave us the 
cataracts, makes this evident:— 
7 « 
On the Increase of Fluorescence in Cataracts after Quinine. 
Natural fluorescence of lens . . . 
1 hour after 5 grs. quinine ; cataract 
1 i 
^4 ?) 
2 }j 5) 
91 
After many days taking quinine „ 
T6 grs. of quinine per 
1-6 
1-6 
1-6 
2*1 to 3-1 
6-2 to 3-1 
5J 
J5 
100 litres of water. 
5> 
5» 
5» 
J» 
J? 
The figures represent the number of grains of sulphate of quinine in 100 litres, 
176 pints of water, required to give a fluorescence equal to that of the substances ex¬ 
tracted. 
Thus, then, the quinine goes everywhere; and wherever it goes it meets with the natural 
fluorescent substance like quinine, which is most probably constantly forming and under¬ 
going oxidation. The incoming quinine causes a temporary excess of quinine in the 
textures. Probably it causes a stoppage of the fresh formation of quinine from albumen • 
a temporary arrest of the changes going on; a transfer of action probably to the quinioe 
introduced, so that with large doses deafness and great prostration and almost impercep¬ 
tible pulse are produced in man, whilst in guinea-pigs death even is caused by the ex¬ 
treme prostration. In small doses, quinine, probably like alcohol, gives an immediate 
stimulus when the first chemical action takes place; but soon the quinine retards the 
chemical changes in the nitrogenous substances, just as alcohol, by its secondary action 
retards the chemical changes in the hydrocarbons in the different textures. ’ 
Possibly the increased resistance to changes in the textures and in the blood produced 
by excessive doses of quinine or alcohol, is analogous to that state well known to medical 
men under the very indefinite and probably incorrect name of uraemia. 
From these experiments two hopeful prospects of possible discovery arise—1st as to 
the explanation of the cause and cure of ague; 2nd, as to the treatment of diseases in 
parts of the body external to the blood-vessels. 
1. Assume that a substance like quinine exists, in health, in the textures, can its rapid 
