14 OBSERVATIONS ON OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS CINCHONA. 
and that it is by no means certain that the kind hitherto cultivated by Mr. 
M‘Ivor is the best, although “ descended from those procured by Dr. Weddell 
himself, in the forests of Caravaya and Bolivia.” 
Dr. Weddell gave to one of these varieties (the CaUsaya moradci) the name 
of (7. Boliviana, and described it as a separate species, but in an article commu¬ 
nicated to the Botanical Society of France, in March, 1855, after having seen 
in his second journey in Bolivia, new forms intermediate between the C. CaUsaya 
and the C. Boliviana, this able botanist is disposed to regard the morada as a 
simple variety of the Calisaya. This agrees with what we know of the different 
which are all, including the Boliviana, equally collected and imported as 
Calisaya. The bark of the Calisaya morada is never classed separately in com¬ 
merce, and, indeed, it appears in Deloudre and Bouchardat’s well-executed 
plate i. as typical Calisaya; while, on the other hand, we find another well- 
marked variety, the Calisaya hlanca, equally well figured by Goebel in his 
Bharm. Waarenkunde, plate vii., as also China Calisaya, Best executed and 
most characteristic of all, are Weddell’s own figures of the bark, both of his 
a. vera and (3. Josephiana. As far as the writer can judge, it is yet another 
variety which is now growing with him, the CaUsaya verde^ of which, as well 
as of the naranjada jina,^ zambita,, empedernida^ and one or two others. Dr. 
Weddell gave him specimens resulting from his second excursion to Bolivia. 
For further information respecting this variety, the Ccdisaya verde^ we must 
(for the present) turn to the Report by Mr. Markham of his visit to collect 
plants of the Cinchonx in 1860. He says,* “The bark collectors and other 
natives assured me that there are three kinds of Calisayas, namely, the CaUsaya 
nmarilla or Jina (a. vera of Weddell), the Calisaya morada (C. Boliviana of 
Weddell), and the Calisaya verde or aZto,—not mentioned, as far as I am aware, 
by any author. They say that the latter is a very large tree,^ generally growing 
very far down the valleys,^ and in much loiver situations than the other varieties. 
The veins of the leaves are never purple, but always a pale green, hence the 
name. The guide Martinez had cut a tree of this variety, yielding six or seven 
cwt. of bark, including canuto or bark from the branches; and Gironda 
had seen a tree in the province of Munecas, in Bolivia, which yielded ten cwt. 
of tabla, or trunk bark alone. The true Calisaya of Weddell only yields three 
or four cwt.” 
Such a tree as Gironda describes might probably be five feet in diameter, for 
Karsten, speaking of the C. lancifolia and C. cojayinhosa,, says,t “ trees are met 
with sixty feet in height, whose stems measure five feet in diameter. A single 
such gigantic tree, which truly is not often seen, yields ten cwt. dried, or thirty 
cwt. fpesh bark.” 
It is highly probable that this is the sort which ought to be introduced into 
India, where its larger size, and probably more rapid growth, might render it a 
more valuable acquisition than the a. vera itself. Mr. How'ard is the more dis¬ 
posed to think this, since from the size and appearance of the bark recently 
brought into this market from Bolivia, he is led to suppose that the collectors 
may have opened up fresh districts in which this kind abounds. 
It is an important feature that the verde variety grows lower down the valley, 
and consequently in warmer regions than the other sorts. This may, at times, 
cause it to be less productive in quinine, but nevertheless, the richest specimens 
examined by Mr. Howard presented the characteristics of this variety. 
The Calisayas of Bolivia thus seem to be most satisfactorily determined, and 
it remains only that Dr. AVeddell should add to those labours, for which w'e are 
so much indebted to him, by publishing the materials which he has in hand to 
illustrate the remaining varieties of this species. 
* Letter to the Under-Secretary for State, June 9t:h, 1860. See 44. 
t Med. Ciiinarinden, p. 28. 
