PHARMACEUTICAL ETHICS. 
137 
quinine to ensure the precipitation of all tlie barium. This excess is evidenced 
by a sli^^ht scum, consisting of crystals of the undecomposed sulphate, float¬ 
ing upon the surface of the liquor. The dish is then transferred to the lamp 
and precipitated carbonate of barium added whilst stirring, and in small pro¬ 
portions, until the last trace of sulphate is decomposed and the crystals are 
replaced hy a fine oily pellicle. This simple index serves to point out a state 
of absolute purity as regards the liquor, providing that the salts used are 
pure, ^■.e. it will be found to contain neither sulphuric acid nor barium. The 
mother-liquor, evaporated over a water-bath, yields a further crop of crystals. 
The crystals should be air-dried or dried at a gentle heat. These is none, or, 
under certain circumstances, only a partial decomposition between sulphate 
of quinine and chlorate of potassium. Indeed, a solution of sulphate of potas¬ 
sium is capable of decomposing chlorate of quinine."^ 
{End of First Day's Sittings.') 
SECOND SITTING. 
Wednesday, August 22nd, 10.30 a.m. 
PHAEMACEUTICAL ETHICS. 
BY MB. JOSEPH INGE, 
ASSOCIATE OF KIK&’s COLLEGE, LONDON. 
“Ethics. The doctrines of morality, or social manners, the science of moral philosophy, which 
teaches men their duty and the reasons of it; a sj^stem of moral principles and rules for 
regulating the actions and manners of men in society.”— Caird. 
Certain ethical practices which result in social virtues are common to 
humanity—such are prudence, diligence, punctuality, honesty, sobriety, with 
other kindred excellences. It would upset the moral government of the world 
to live without them. 
Those who would go to the root of this subject have only to turn to the pages 
of Aristotle’s ‘ Ethics,’ that marvellous book which has for centuries moulded 
the world’s thought; that book which consciously or unconsciously has acted 
on the mind of every man in this Association—that true book, for it is one 
before which the profoundest scholar bows with reverence, and one which may 
form the never-wearying delight of the humblest apprentice in Nottingham. 
It is assumed at once that the Pharmaceutist knows and practises these true 
ethical principles: it is taken for granted that he, neither more nor less than, 
those around him, must regulate his conduct by the observance of accepted 
ethical laws; and therefore, while thanking many in this Conference, whose 
advice has most liberally branched out in that direction, I am compelled to dis¬ 
miss this section of the subject altogether, and I must sum it up in an old Latin 
motto which has been kindly forwarded by my valued friend Mr. William Hus- 
kisson: “ Pietas, scientia, temperantia, vigilantia, et studium assiduum ornant 
pharmacopceum.” 
* From this reason, physiologists might imagine that hy giving sulphate of quinine and 
chlorate of potassium in solution together, the same therapeutical result would be obtained 
as hy giving chlorate of quinine, but it will be seen that in this case the oxygen acid would 
not be combined with the organic alkaloid. 
