MATERIA MEDICA, AND THERAPEUTICS. 
467 
stance not found in the adjacent cells. This dividing layer seems first to have 
been clearly observed by Link ; Inman, Schacht, and Mettenius confirmed its 
existence, and Mohl has added largely to our knowledge of it. We have yet to 
learn why this peculiar layer is formed. As to the period of its first appearance, 
that is known to precede the fall of the leaf by but a short interval, though in¬ 
dications of its future formation exist from a very early period. The first stage 
in the development of the leaf, as shown by Eichler, and recently confirmed by 
Dr. W. R. M‘Nab, is constituted by the appearance on the side of the stem, of 
a minute process called the hypophyll,” from which, and not directly from the 
stem itself, the leaf originates. Whether when the leaf falls, the separation 
takes place immediately from the stem, or between this hypophyll and the leaf 
it supports, is not a matter of practical importance, and does not affect the ex¬ 
planation above given as to the cause of the defoliation.— Gardeners' Chronicle. 
On Fruit Essences. 
BY M. KLETZINSKI. 
The products known under the name of Fruit Essences, are alcoholic solutions 
of different ethers, to which is sometimes added certain acids, or certain natural 
essences. Glycerine is found in all; it appears to blend the different odours, 
and to harmonize them. It is necessary to state, that the alcohol used, as well as 
all the other substances, must be chemically pure. 
Each Column represents in Cubic Centimetres the quantity to he added to 100 Cubic 
Centimetres of A Icohol.* 
Names of the 
Essences. 
Chloroform. 
Nitric Ether. 
1 Aldehyde. 
Acetate of Ethyl. 
Eomiiate of Ethyl. 
1 Butyrate of Ethyl. 
1 Valerianate of Ethyl. 
Benzoate of Ethyl. 
1 (Enanthylate of Ethyl. 
1 Essence of Persicot. 
Sehacic Ether. 
1 Salicylate of Methyl. 
1 Amy lie Alcohol. 
Acetate of Amyl. 
1 Butyrate of Amyl. 
Valerianate of Amyl. 
1 Essence of Lemon. 
Essence of Orange. 
Alcoholic 
Solutions 
saturated in 
the cold of 
1 Glycerine. 
Tartaric Acid. 
i Oxalic Acid. 
Succinic Acid. 
1 Benzoic Acid. 
n a - a T^r\l A 
1 
1 
5 
10 
3 
2 
1 
4 
5 
10 
3 
1 
5 
1 
5 
1 
3 
2 
2 
K.7 i>x cii w X y «••••• 
• • • 
• * > 
Raspberry. 
• » • 
1 
1 
5 
1 
1 
. . . 
1 
1 
... 
i 
1 
... 
1 
1 
5 
... 
1 
. . 
4 
Gooseberry . 
* t • 
. • . 
1 
5 
1 
1 
5 
. . 
1 
1 
... 
Graiift 
2 
2 
2 
10 
1 
. 
5 
3 
10 
Applft , 
1 
1 
2 
1 
10 
i 
4 
Oranoffi 
2 
2 
5 
1 
1 
1 
1 
10 
10 
1 
10 
5 
10 
10 
Tjfimor) 
1 
2 
10 
10 
10 
1 
5 
Til.nnTr: Cbpvrv 
10 
5 
2 
i 
2 
(Til 
5 
5 
1 
1 
3 
T^lnm 
5 
5 
1 
2 
4 
8 
A nrT pot, 
1 
10 
5 
1 
2 
1 
1 
4 
2 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
1 
2 
5 
Dingier's Folytech. Journal, clxxx. p. 407. 
* In other words, each Column represents the number of measures to he added to'every 
100 measures of alcohol. 
